Imaging of the Spinal Cord in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, Future
Spinal cord imaging in multiple sclerosis (MS) plays a significant role in diagnosing and tracking disease progression. The spinal cord is one of four key areas of the central nervous system where documenting the dissemination in space in the McDonald criteria for diagnosing MS. Spinal cord lesion l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/11/857 |
| _version_ | 1797547989882896384 |
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| author | Yongsheng Chen Ewart Mark Haacke Evanthia Bernitsas |
| author_facet | Yongsheng Chen Ewart Mark Haacke Evanthia Bernitsas |
| author_sort | Yongsheng Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spinal cord imaging in multiple sclerosis (MS) plays a significant role in diagnosing and tracking disease progression. The spinal cord is one of four key areas of the central nervous system where documenting the dissemination in space in the McDonald criteria for diagnosing MS. Spinal cord lesion load and the severity of cord atrophy are believed to be more relevant to disability than white matter lesions in the brain in different phenotypes of MS. Axonal loss contributes to spinal cord atrophy in MS and its degree correlates with disease severity and prognosis. Therefore, measures of axonal loss are often reliable biomarkers for monitoring disease progression. With recent technical advances, more and more qualitative and quantitative MRI techniques have been investigated in an attempt to provide objective and reliable diagnostic and monitoring biomarkers in MS. In this article, we discuss the role of spinal cord imaging in the diagnosis and prognosis of MS and, additionally, we review various techniques that may improve our understanding of the disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:52:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c68ee9ce1d349f8839f18cbee903fe3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:52:59Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c68ee9ce1d349f8839f18cbee903fe32023-11-20T20:50:55ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252020-11-01101185710.3390/brainsci10110857Imaging of the Spinal Cord in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, FutureYongsheng Chen0Ewart Mark Haacke1Evanthia Bernitsas2Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48021, USADepartment of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48021, USADepartment of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48021, USASpinal cord imaging in multiple sclerosis (MS) plays a significant role in diagnosing and tracking disease progression. The spinal cord is one of four key areas of the central nervous system where documenting the dissemination in space in the McDonald criteria for diagnosing MS. Spinal cord lesion load and the severity of cord atrophy are believed to be more relevant to disability than white matter lesions in the brain in different phenotypes of MS. Axonal loss contributes to spinal cord atrophy in MS and its degree correlates with disease severity and prognosis. Therefore, measures of axonal loss are often reliable biomarkers for monitoring disease progression. With recent technical advances, more and more qualitative and quantitative MRI techniques have been investigated in an attempt to provide objective and reliable diagnostic and monitoring biomarkers in MS. In this article, we discuss the role of spinal cord imaging in the diagnosis and prognosis of MS and, additionally, we review various techniques that may improve our understanding of the disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/11/857multiple sclerosisspinal cordmagnetic resonance imagingspinal cord atrophymagnetization transfer ratiodiffusion imaging |
| spellingShingle | Yongsheng Chen Ewart Mark Haacke Evanthia Bernitsas Imaging of the Spinal Cord in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, Future Brain Sciences multiple sclerosis spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging spinal cord atrophy magnetization transfer ratio diffusion imaging |
| title | Imaging of the Spinal Cord in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, Future |
| title_full | Imaging of the Spinal Cord in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, Future |
| title_fullStr | Imaging of the Spinal Cord in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, Future |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imaging of the Spinal Cord in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, Future |
| title_short | Imaging of the Spinal Cord in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, Future |
| title_sort | imaging of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis past present future |
| topic | multiple sclerosis spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging spinal cord atrophy magnetization transfer ratio diffusion imaging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/11/857 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yongshengchen imagingofthespinalcordinmultiplesclerosispastpresentfuture AT ewartmarkhaacke imagingofthespinalcordinmultiplesclerosispastpresentfuture AT evanthiabernitsas imagingofthespinalcordinmultiplesclerosispastpresentfuture |