Dose-Dependent Effects of Supplementing a Two-Strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Probiotic on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Fecal Metabolites, and Microbiome in Nursery Pigs
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation level of a two-strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> probiotic on growth performance, blood parameters, fecal metabolites, and microbiome in nursery pigs. A total of 54 weaned piglets were allotted to three treatm...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/1/109 |
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| author | Karyn A. Duddeck Tiffany E. Petersen Haley J. Adkins Alexandra H. Smith Samantha Hernandez Seth J. Wenner Dan Yao Chi Chen Wenli Li Priscila Fregulia Anna Larsen Young Dal Jang |
| author_facet | Karyn A. Duddeck Tiffany E. Petersen Haley J. Adkins Alexandra H. Smith Samantha Hernandez Seth J. Wenner Dan Yao Chi Chen Wenli Li Priscila Fregulia Anna Larsen Young Dal Jang |
| author_sort | Karyn A. Duddeck |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation level of a two-strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> probiotic on growth performance, blood parameters, fecal metabolites, and microbiome in nursery pigs. A total of 54 weaned piglets were allotted to three treatments in three replicate pens with six pigs/pen for a 28 d feeding trial. The treatments were as follows: control: no probiotic supplementation; Pro1x: <i>B. subtilis</i> supplementation at 1.875 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g diet; and Pro10x: <i>B. subtilis</i> supplementation at 1.875 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g diet. Body weight at d 14 postweaning (<i>p</i> = 0.06) and average daily gain for d 0 to 14 postweaning (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were greater in the Pro1x treatment than in the other treatments. Blood glucose levels were greater in both probiotic treatments than in the control treatment at d 14 postweaning (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, the butyrate concentrations were greater in the Pro1x treatment than in the other treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the acetate, propionate, and total SCFA concentrations were greater in the Pro1x treatment than in the Pro10x treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The beta diversity of fecal microbiome composition at d 14 postweaning based on Unweighted Unifrac analysis was dissimilar between the Pro1x and Pro10x treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary <i>B. subtilis</i> supplementation of two strains selected to reduce effects of pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> to nursery diets at 1.875 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g diet improved the growth rate in the early postweaning period, increased fecal SCFA concentrations and altered the fecal microbial community composition. A higher dose of <i>B. subtilis</i> did not improve the performance parameters over those of the control piglets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:12:30Z |
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| id | doaj.art-8c6d8f20758f4422ba4f0e4ebfd294d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:12:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c6d8f20758f4422ba4f0e4ebfd294d92024-01-10T14:50:20ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-12-0114110910.3390/ani14010109Dose-Dependent Effects of Supplementing a Two-Strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Probiotic on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Fecal Metabolites, and Microbiome in Nursery PigsKaryn A. Duddeck0Tiffany E. Petersen1Haley J. Adkins2Alexandra H. Smith3Samantha Hernandez4Seth J. Wenner5Dan Yao6Chi Chen7Wenli Li8Priscila Fregulia9Anna Larsen10Young Dal Jang11Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USADepartment of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USADepartment of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USAThe ScienceHearted Center, Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Waukesha, WI 53186, USAThe ScienceHearted Center, Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Waukesha, WI 53186, USAThe ScienceHearted Center, Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Waukesha, WI 53186, USADepartment of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USAThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation level of a two-strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> probiotic on growth performance, blood parameters, fecal metabolites, and microbiome in nursery pigs. A total of 54 weaned piglets were allotted to three treatments in three replicate pens with six pigs/pen for a 28 d feeding trial. The treatments were as follows: control: no probiotic supplementation; Pro1x: <i>B. subtilis</i> supplementation at 1.875 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g diet; and Pro10x: <i>B. subtilis</i> supplementation at 1.875 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g diet. Body weight at d 14 postweaning (<i>p</i> = 0.06) and average daily gain for d 0 to 14 postweaning (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were greater in the Pro1x treatment than in the other treatments. Blood glucose levels were greater in both probiotic treatments than in the control treatment at d 14 postweaning (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, the butyrate concentrations were greater in the Pro1x treatment than in the other treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the acetate, propionate, and total SCFA concentrations were greater in the Pro1x treatment than in the Pro10x treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The beta diversity of fecal microbiome composition at d 14 postweaning based on Unweighted Unifrac analysis was dissimilar between the Pro1x and Pro10x treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary <i>B. subtilis</i> supplementation of two strains selected to reduce effects of pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> to nursery diets at 1.875 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g diet improved the growth rate in the early postweaning period, increased fecal SCFA concentrations and altered the fecal microbial community composition. A higher dose of <i>B. subtilis</i> did not improve the performance parameters over those of the control piglets.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/1/109weaningpigsgrowth<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>supplementation levelshort-chain fatty acids |
| spellingShingle | Karyn A. Duddeck Tiffany E. Petersen Haley J. Adkins Alexandra H. Smith Samantha Hernandez Seth J. Wenner Dan Yao Chi Chen Wenli Li Priscila Fregulia Anna Larsen Young Dal Jang Dose-Dependent Effects of Supplementing a Two-Strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Probiotic on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Fecal Metabolites, and Microbiome in Nursery Pigs Animals weaning pigs growth <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> supplementation level short-chain fatty acids |
| title | Dose-Dependent Effects of Supplementing a Two-Strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Probiotic on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Fecal Metabolites, and Microbiome in Nursery Pigs |
| title_full | Dose-Dependent Effects of Supplementing a Two-Strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Probiotic on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Fecal Metabolites, and Microbiome in Nursery Pigs |
| title_fullStr | Dose-Dependent Effects of Supplementing a Two-Strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Probiotic on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Fecal Metabolites, and Microbiome in Nursery Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dose-Dependent Effects of Supplementing a Two-Strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Probiotic on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Fecal Metabolites, and Microbiome in Nursery Pigs |
| title_short | Dose-Dependent Effects of Supplementing a Two-Strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Probiotic on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Fecal Metabolites, and Microbiome in Nursery Pigs |
| title_sort | dose dependent effects of supplementing a two strain i bacillus subtilis i probiotic on growth performance blood parameters fecal metabolites and microbiome in nursery pigs |
| topic | weaning pigs growth <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> supplementation level short-chain fatty acids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/1/109 |
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