The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages.
Each year the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirussalmonis Krøyer, 1838) causes multi-million dollar commercial losses to the salmon farming industry world-wide, and strict lice control regimes have been put in place to reduce the release of salmon louse larvae from aquaculture facilities into the environme...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2013-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24069203/?tool=EBI |
| _version_ | 1818701719618453504 |
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| author | Lars A Hamre Christiane Eichner Christopher Marlowe A Caipang Sussie T Dalvin James E Bron Frank Nilsen Geoff Boxshall Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen |
| author_facet | Lars A Hamre Christiane Eichner Christopher Marlowe A Caipang Sussie T Dalvin James E Bron Frank Nilsen Geoff Boxshall Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen |
| author_sort | Lars A Hamre |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Each year the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirussalmonis Krøyer, 1838) causes multi-million dollar commercial losses to the salmon farming industry world-wide, and strict lice control regimes have been put in place to reduce the release of salmon louse larvae from aquaculture facilities into the environment. For half a century, the Lepeophtheirus life cycle has been regarded as the only copepod life cycle including 8 post-nauplius instars as confirmed in four different species, including L. salmonis. Here we prove that the accepted life cycle of the salmon louse is wrong. By observations of chalimus larvae molting in incubators and by morphometric cluster analysis, we show that there are only two chalimus instars: chalimus 1 (comprising the former chalimus I and II stages which are not separated by a molt) and chalimus 2 (the former chalimus III and IV stages which are not separated by a molt). Consequently the salmon louse life cycle has only six post-nauplius instars, as in other genera of caligid sea lice and copepods in general. These findings are of fundamental importance in experimental studies as well as for interpretation of salmon louse biology and for control and management of this economically important parasite. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T15:25:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c716da2ee394ecbb3742c1335d423c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T15:25:19Z |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c716da2ee394ecbb3742c1335d423c02022-12-21T21:43:18ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032013-01-0189e7353910.1371/journal.pone.0073539The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages.Lars A HamreChristiane EichnerChristopher Marlowe A CaipangSussie T DalvinJames E BronFrank NilsenGeoff BoxshallRasmus Skern-MauritzenEach year the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirussalmonis Krøyer, 1838) causes multi-million dollar commercial losses to the salmon farming industry world-wide, and strict lice control regimes have been put in place to reduce the release of salmon louse larvae from aquaculture facilities into the environment. For half a century, the Lepeophtheirus life cycle has been regarded as the only copepod life cycle including 8 post-nauplius instars as confirmed in four different species, including L. salmonis. Here we prove that the accepted life cycle of the salmon louse is wrong. By observations of chalimus larvae molting in incubators and by morphometric cluster analysis, we show that there are only two chalimus instars: chalimus 1 (comprising the former chalimus I and II stages which are not separated by a molt) and chalimus 2 (the former chalimus III and IV stages which are not separated by a molt). Consequently the salmon louse life cycle has only six post-nauplius instars, as in other genera of caligid sea lice and copepods in general. These findings are of fundamental importance in experimental studies as well as for interpretation of salmon louse biology and for control and management of this economically important parasite.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24069203/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Lars A Hamre Christiane Eichner Christopher Marlowe A Caipang Sussie T Dalvin James E Bron Frank Nilsen Geoff Boxshall Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages. PLoS ONE |
| title | The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages. |
| title_full | The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages. |
| title_fullStr | The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages. |
| title_short | The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages. |
| title_sort | salmon louse lepeophtheirus salmonis copepoda caligidae life cycle has only two chalimus stages |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24069203/?tool=EBI |
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