Waist Circumference Trajectories in Relation to Blood Pressure and the Risk of Hypertension in Chinese Adults
Central obesity is associated with a higher risk of hypertension. This study aimed to analyze waist circumference (WC) trajectories and discover their association with blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. The data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), with a sample...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/24/5260 |
| _version_ | 1797455873944059904 |
|---|---|
| author | Qi Wang Xiaoyun Song Shufa Du Wenwen Du Chang Su Jiguo Zhang Xiaofan Zhang Bing Zhang Huijun Wang |
| author_facet | Qi Wang Xiaoyun Song Shufa Du Wenwen Du Chang Su Jiguo Zhang Xiaofan Zhang Bing Zhang Huijun Wang |
| author_sort | Qi Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Central obesity is associated with a higher risk of hypertension. This study aimed to analyze waist circumference (WC) trajectories and discover their association with blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. The data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), with a sample of 11,885 adults aged 18 or older. Trajectory groups of WC were identified by group-based trajectory modeling. Three trajectory groups were identified in males: “normal-stable group” (group 1), “normal-increase to central obesity group” (group 2), and “central obesity-slight decrease group” (group 3). There were also three identified in females: “normal-increase to central obesity group” (group 1), “normal-stable group” (group 2), and “central obesity-increase group” (group 3). For males, compared with group 1, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased by 2.47 mmHg and 2.13 mmHg, respectively, in group 2, and by 3.07 mmHg and 2.54 mmHg, respectively, in group 3. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of hypertension in groups 2 and 3 were 1.16 (1.06–1.28) and 1.29 (1.10–1.50), respectively. For females, compared with group 2, SBP and DBP increased by 1.69 mmHg and 1.68 mmHg, respectively, in group 1, and by 4.96 mmHg and 2.77 mmHg, respectively, in group 3. The HR and 95% CI of hypertension in groups 2 and 3 were 1.21 (1.07–1.36) and 1.52(1.17–1.99), respectively. We found that the WC trajectory was a risk factor for hypertension and elevated blood pressure independent of basal WC. Increased risk of hypertension was nonlinearly associated with annual WC increase. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:00:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c757a4315854b4a833fea8b183c27a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:00:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c757a4315854b4a833fea8b183c27a92023-11-24T17:08:14ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-12-011424526010.3390/nu14245260Waist Circumference Trajectories in Relation to Blood Pressure and the Risk of Hypertension in Chinese AdultsQi Wang0Xiaoyun Song1Shufa Du2Wenwen Du3Chang Su4Jiguo Zhang5Xiaofan Zhang6Bing Zhang7Huijun Wang8Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, ChinaDepartment of Food and School Hygiene, Dalian Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian 116035, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USAKey Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, ChinaCentral obesity is associated with a higher risk of hypertension. This study aimed to analyze waist circumference (WC) trajectories and discover their association with blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. The data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), with a sample of 11,885 adults aged 18 or older. Trajectory groups of WC were identified by group-based trajectory modeling. Three trajectory groups were identified in males: “normal-stable group” (group 1), “normal-increase to central obesity group” (group 2), and “central obesity-slight decrease group” (group 3). There were also three identified in females: “normal-increase to central obesity group” (group 1), “normal-stable group” (group 2), and “central obesity-increase group” (group 3). For males, compared with group 1, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased by 2.47 mmHg and 2.13 mmHg, respectively, in group 2, and by 3.07 mmHg and 2.54 mmHg, respectively, in group 3. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of hypertension in groups 2 and 3 were 1.16 (1.06–1.28) and 1.29 (1.10–1.50), respectively. For females, compared with group 2, SBP and DBP increased by 1.69 mmHg and 1.68 mmHg, respectively, in group 1, and by 4.96 mmHg and 2.77 mmHg, respectively, in group 3. The HR and 95% CI of hypertension in groups 2 and 3 were 1.21 (1.07–1.36) and 1.52(1.17–1.99), respectively. We found that the WC trajectory was a risk factor for hypertension and elevated blood pressure independent of basal WC. Increased risk of hypertension was nonlinearly associated with annual WC increase.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/24/5260WCtrajectoriesblood pressurehypertensionChinese adults |
| spellingShingle | Qi Wang Xiaoyun Song Shufa Du Wenwen Du Chang Su Jiguo Zhang Xiaofan Zhang Bing Zhang Huijun Wang Waist Circumference Trajectories in Relation to Blood Pressure and the Risk of Hypertension in Chinese Adults Nutrients WC trajectories blood pressure hypertension Chinese adults |
| title | Waist Circumference Trajectories in Relation to Blood Pressure and the Risk of Hypertension in Chinese Adults |
| title_full | Waist Circumference Trajectories in Relation to Blood Pressure and the Risk of Hypertension in Chinese Adults |
| title_fullStr | Waist Circumference Trajectories in Relation to Blood Pressure and the Risk of Hypertension in Chinese Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Waist Circumference Trajectories in Relation to Blood Pressure and the Risk of Hypertension in Chinese Adults |
| title_short | Waist Circumference Trajectories in Relation to Blood Pressure and the Risk of Hypertension in Chinese Adults |
| title_sort | waist circumference trajectories in relation to blood pressure and the risk of hypertension in chinese adults |
| topic | WC trajectories blood pressure hypertension Chinese adults |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/24/5260 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qiwang waistcircumferencetrajectoriesinrelationtobloodpressureandtheriskofhypertensioninchineseadults AT xiaoyunsong waistcircumferencetrajectoriesinrelationtobloodpressureandtheriskofhypertensioninchineseadults AT shufadu waistcircumferencetrajectoriesinrelationtobloodpressureandtheriskofhypertensioninchineseadults AT wenwendu waistcircumferencetrajectoriesinrelationtobloodpressureandtheriskofhypertensioninchineseadults AT changsu waistcircumferencetrajectoriesinrelationtobloodpressureandtheriskofhypertensioninchineseadults AT jiguozhang waistcircumferencetrajectoriesinrelationtobloodpressureandtheriskofhypertensioninchineseadults AT xiaofanzhang waistcircumferencetrajectoriesinrelationtobloodpressureandtheriskofhypertensioninchineseadults AT bingzhang waistcircumferencetrajectoriesinrelationtobloodpressureandtheriskofhypertensioninchineseadults AT huijunwang waistcircumferencetrajectoriesinrelationtobloodpressureandtheriskofhypertensioninchineseadults |