Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers
The lower immunogenicity of synthetic subunit antigens, compared to live attenuated vaccines, is being addressed with improved vaccine carriers. Recent reports indicate that the physio-chemical properties of these carriers can be altered to achieve optimal antigen presentation, endosomal escape, par...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/4/2/12 |
| _version_ | 1798024148057849856 |
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| author | Abhishek Vartak Steven J. Sucheck |
| author_facet | Abhishek Vartak Steven J. Sucheck |
| author_sort | Abhishek Vartak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The lower immunogenicity of synthetic subunit antigens, compared to live attenuated vaccines, is being addressed with improved vaccine carriers. Recent reports indicate that the physio-chemical properties of these carriers can be altered to achieve optimal antigen presentation, endosomal escape, particle bio-distribution, and cellular trafficking. The carriers can be modified with various antigens and ligands for dendritic cells targeting. They can also be modified with adjuvants, either covalently or entrapped in the matrix, to improve cellular and humoral immune responses against the antigen. As a result, these multi-functional carrier systems are being explored for use in active immunotherapy against cancer and infectious diseases. Advancing technology, improved analytical methods, and use of computational methodology have also contributed to the development of subunit vaccine carriers. This review details recent breakthroughs in the design of nano-particulate vaccine carriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:57:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c75e0b988e743e9a9a0a67e21981898 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:57:43Z |
| publishDate | 2016-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c75e0b988e743e9a9a0a67e219818982022-12-22T04:10:36ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2016-04-01421210.3390/vaccines4020012vaccines4020012Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine CarriersAbhishek Vartak0Steven J. Sucheck1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USAThe lower immunogenicity of synthetic subunit antigens, compared to live attenuated vaccines, is being addressed with improved vaccine carriers. Recent reports indicate that the physio-chemical properties of these carriers can be altered to achieve optimal antigen presentation, endosomal escape, particle bio-distribution, and cellular trafficking. The carriers can be modified with various antigens and ligands for dendritic cells targeting. They can also be modified with adjuvants, either covalently or entrapped in the matrix, to improve cellular and humoral immune responses against the antigen. As a result, these multi-functional carrier systems are being explored for use in active immunotherapy against cancer and infectious diseases. Advancing technology, improved analytical methods, and use of computational methodology have also contributed to the development of subunit vaccine carriers. This review details recent breakthroughs in the design of nano-particulate vaccine carriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/4/2/12nanoparticlesvaccinesliposomespolymeric nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Abhishek Vartak Steven J. Sucheck Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers Vaccines nanoparticles vaccines liposomes polymeric nanoparticles |
| title | Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers |
| title_full | Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers |
| title_fullStr | Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers |
| title_short | Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers |
| title_sort | recent advances in subunit vaccine carriers |
| topic | nanoparticles vaccines liposomes polymeric nanoparticles |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/4/2/12 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abhishekvartak recentadvancesinsubunitvaccinecarriers AT stevenjsucheck recentadvancesinsubunitvaccinecarriers |