Prevalence of Eimeria spp. infections and major histocompatibility complex class II DRA diversity in Mongolian Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus)
IntroductionThe two-humped Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) is a large, even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of Central Asia. Domestic Bactrian camels are economically important in Mongolia and other Central Asian countries. These animals are used for transport, milk and meat production, and...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1296335/full |
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| author | Igori Khatanbaatar Uranbileg Nyamdolgor Boldbaatar Chinchuluun Khandsuren Naranbaatar Anja Taubert Carlos R. Hermosilla Franz Suchentrunk Felix Knauer Pamela A. Burger Gonchigoo Battsetseg |
| author_facet | Igori Khatanbaatar Uranbileg Nyamdolgor Boldbaatar Chinchuluun Khandsuren Naranbaatar Anja Taubert Carlos R. Hermosilla Franz Suchentrunk Felix Knauer Pamela A. Burger Gonchigoo Battsetseg |
| author_sort | Igori Khatanbaatar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe two-humped Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) is a large, even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of Central Asia. Domestic Bactrian camels are economically important in Mongolia and other Central Asian countries. These animals are used for transport, milk and meat production, and camel racing which is a great culture of nomads. Eimeriosis, also known as coccidiosis, is considered as an economically important parasitic diseases in Bactrian camels. There is still considerable lack of data concerning the spectrum of monoxenous Eimeria species, their epizootiology as well as their precise life cycles in Bactrian camels. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Eimeria species in camelids from southern part of Mongolia.MethodsA total of 536 fresh camel fecal samples (n = 536) collected from herds located in five different Aimags (provinces) of Mongolia were examined. Eimeria spp. oocysts were isolated using the sugar flotation technique, and after sporulation, oocysts were identified by morphometric evaluation.ResultsWe identified the most common Eimeria species infecting Mongolian Bactrian camels: Eimeria cameli (22.3%), Eimeria rajasthani (37.3%) and Eimeria dromedarii (27.7%). Interestingly, mixed infections were detected in 24.8% (n = 133) of the samples, while 39.0% (n = 209) were negative for coccidian stages. To investigate the immunogenetic response of the Mongolian Bactrian camels to Eimeria spp. infection, we screened the genetic diversity in a functional important immune response gene of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). We detected two polymorphic sites in the MHC class II DRA exon 2, which translated into one non-synonymous and one synonymous amino acid (aa) change.DiscussionThe resulting aa alleles were not significantly associated with any of the three detected Eimeria species infections, nor could we show heterozygote advantage in non-infected Mongolian Bactrian camels. Further investigations on molecular epidemiology, in vitro culture, pathogenicity and host–parasite interactions will be necessary to better understand the impact of eimeriosis in Bactrian camels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:48:00Z |
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| id | doaj.art-8c917870e3dc4b4daef5364efd52e1bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:48:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c917870e3dc4b4daef5364efd52e1bf2023-11-23T09:03:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-11-011010.3389/fvets.2023.12963351296335Prevalence of Eimeria spp. infections and major histocompatibility complex class II DRA diversity in Mongolian Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus)Igori Khatanbaatar0Uranbileg Nyamdolgor1Boldbaatar Chinchuluun2Khandsuren Naranbaatar3Anja Taubert4Carlos R. Hermosilla5Franz Suchentrunk6Felix Knauer7Pamela A. Burger8Gonchigoo Battsetseg9School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaInstitute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaInstitute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaInstitute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaInstitute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, GermanyInstitute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, GermanyResearch Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, AustriaResearch Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, AustriaResearch Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaIntroductionThe two-humped Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) is a large, even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of Central Asia. Domestic Bactrian camels are economically important in Mongolia and other Central Asian countries. These animals are used for transport, milk and meat production, and camel racing which is a great culture of nomads. Eimeriosis, also known as coccidiosis, is considered as an economically important parasitic diseases in Bactrian camels. There is still considerable lack of data concerning the spectrum of monoxenous Eimeria species, their epizootiology as well as their precise life cycles in Bactrian camels. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Eimeria species in camelids from southern part of Mongolia.MethodsA total of 536 fresh camel fecal samples (n = 536) collected from herds located in five different Aimags (provinces) of Mongolia were examined. Eimeria spp. oocysts were isolated using the sugar flotation technique, and after sporulation, oocysts were identified by morphometric evaluation.ResultsWe identified the most common Eimeria species infecting Mongolian Bactrian camels: Eimeria cameli (22.3%), Eimeria rajasthani (37.3%) and Eimeria dromedarii (27.7%). Interestingly, mixed infections were detected in 24.8% (n = 133) of the samples, while 39.0% (n = 209) were negative for coccidian stages. To investigate the immunogenetic response of the Mongolian Bactrian camels to Eimeria spp. infection, we screened the genetic diversity in a functional important immune response gene of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). We detected two polymorphic sites in the MHC class II DRA exon 2, which translated into one non-synonymous and one synonymous amino acid (aa) change.DiscussionThe resulting aa alleles were not significantly associated with any of the three detected Eimeria species infections, nor could we show heterozygote advantage in non-infected Mongolian Bactrian camels. Further investigations on molecular epidemiology, in vitro culture, pathogenicity and host–parasite interactions will be necessary to better understand the impact of eimeriosis in Bactrian camels.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1296335/fullCamelus bactrianuscoccidiosisEimeria cameliEimeria rajasthaniEimeria dromedarii |
| spellingShingle | Igori Khatanbaatar Uranbileg Nyamdolgor Boldbaatar Chinchuluun Khandsuren Naranbaatar Anja Taubert Carlos R. Hermosilla Franz Suchentrunk Felix Knauer Pamela A. Burger Gonchigoo Battsetseg Prevalence of Eimeria spp. infections and major histocompatibility complex class II DRA diversity in Mongolian Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) Frontiers in Veterinary Science Camelus bactrianus coccidiosis Eimeria cameli Eimeria rajasthani Eimeria dromedarii |
| title | Prevalence of Eimeria spp. infections and major histocompatibility complex class II DRA diversity in Mongolian Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) |
| title_full | Prevalence of Eimeria spp. infections and major histocompatibility complex class II DRA diversity in Mongolian Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Eimeria spp. infections and major histocompatibility complex class II DRA diversity in Mongolian Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Eimeria spp. infections and major histocompatibility complex class II DRA diversity in Mongolian Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) |
| title_short | Prevalence of Eimeria spp. infections and major histocompatibility complex class II DRA diversity in Mongolian Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) |
| title_sort | prevalence of eimeria spp infections and major histocompatibility complex class ii dra diversity in mongolian bactrian camels camelus bactrianus |
| topic | Camelus bactrianus coccidiosis Eimeria cameli Eimeria rajasthani Eimeria dromedarii |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1296335/full |
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