Human Genetic Variation Influences Enteric Fever Progression
In the 21st century, enteric fever is still causing a significant number of mortalities, especially in high-risk regions of the world. Genetic studies involving the genome and transcriptome have revealed a broad set of candidate genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to and the severit...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/2/345 |
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| author | Pei Yee Ma Jing En Tan Edd Wyn Hee Dylan Wang Xi Yong Yi Shuan Heng Wei Xiang Low Xun Hui Wu Christy Cletus Dinesh Kumar Chellappan Kyan Aung Chean Yeah Yong Yun Khoon Liew |
| author_facet | Pei Yee Ma Jing En Tan Edd Wyn Hee Dylan Wang Xi Yong Yi Shuan Heng Wei Xiang Low Xun Hui Wu Christy Cletus Dinesh Kumar Chellappan Kyan Aung Chean Yeah Yong Yun Khoon Liew |
| author_sort | Pei Yee Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the 21st century, enteric fever is still causing a significant number of mortalities, especially in high-risk regions of the world. Genetic studies involving the genome and transcriptome have revealed a broad set of candidate genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to and the severity of enteric fever. This review attempted to explain and discuss the past and the most recent findings on human genetic variants affecting the progression of <i>Salmonella</i> typhoidal species infection, particularly toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, TLR5, interleukin (IL-) 4, natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1), VAC14, PARK2/PACRG, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) class II and class III. These polymorphisms on disease susceptibility or progression in patients could be related to multiple mechanisms in eliminating both intracellular and extracellular <i>Salmonella</i> typhoidal species. Here, we also highlighted the limitations in the studies reported, which led to inconclusive results in association studies. Nevertheless, the knowledge obtained through this review may shed some light on the development of risk prediction tools, novel therapies as well as strategies towards developing a personalised typhoid vaccine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:20:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c927077d7d445aeafe4ac0ff9819b21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:20:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c927077d7d445aeafe4ac0ff9819b212023-12-03T12:41:13ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-02-0110234510.3390/cells10020345Human Genetic Variation Influences Enteric Fever ProgressionPei Yee Ma0Jing En Tan1Edd Wyn Hee2Dylan Wang Xi Yong3Yi Shuan Heng4Wei Xiang Low5Xun Hui Wu6Christy Cletus7Dinesh Kumar Chellappan8Kyan Aung9Chean Yeah Yong10Yun Khoon Liew11School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaDepartment of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaDepartment of Pathology, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaIn the 21st century, enteric fever is still causing a significant number of mortalities, especially in high-risk regions of the world. Genetic studies involving the genome and transcriptome have revealed a broad set of candidate genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to and the severity of enteric fever. This review attempted to explain and discuss the past and the most recent findings on human genetic variants affecting the progression of <i>Salmonella</i> typhoidal species infection, particularly toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, TLR5, interleukin (IL-) 4, natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1), VAC14, PARK2/PACRG, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) class II and class III. These polymorphisms on disease susceptibility or progression in patients could be related to multiple mechanisms in eliminating both intracellular and extracellular <i>Salmonella</i> typhoidal species. Here, we also highlighted the limitations in the studies reported, which led to inconclusive results in association studies. Nevertheless, the knowledge obtained through this review may shed some light on the development of risk prediction tools, novel therapies as well as strategies towards developing a personalised typhoid vaccine.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/2/345enteric fever<i>Salmonella</i> typhoidal specieshuman genetic variants |
| spellingShingle | Pei Yee Ma Jing En Tan Edd Wyn Hee Dylan Wang Xi Yong Yi Shuan Heng Wei Xiang Low Xun Hui Wu Christy Cletus Dinesh Kumar Chellappan Kyan Aung Chean Yeah Yong Yun Khoon Liew Human Genetic Variation Influences Enteric Fever Progression Cells enteric fever <i>Salmonella</i> typhoidal species human genetic variants |
| title | Human Genetic Variation Influences Enteric Fever Progression |
| title_full | Human Genetic Variation Influences Enteric Fever Progression |
| title_fullStr | Human Genetic Variation Influences Enteric Fever Progression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human Genetic Variation Influences Enteric Fever Progression |
| title_short | Human Genetic Variation Influences Enteric Fever Progression |
| title_sort | human genetic variation influences enteric fever progression |
| topic | enteric fever <i>Salmonella</i> typhoidal species human genetic variants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/2/345 |
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