Effects of the Combining Straw Return with Urease Inhibitor on Ammonia Volatilization, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Rice Yield in Purple Soil Areas
Straw return in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) paddy has been heavily criticized for its potential to influence ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) volatilization loss due to irrational fertilizer N application. Therefore, improving the N fertilization strategies within residue straw sys...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/11/2071 |
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| author | Hong Wang Kelin Hu Li Yao Qi Zhang Chaowen Lin Haitao Liu Fuxiang Luo Honglin Chen |
| author_facet | Hong Wang Kelin Hu Li Yao Qi Zhang Chaowen Lin Haitao Liu Fuxiang Luo Honglin Chen |
| author_sort | Hong Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Straw return in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) paddy has been heavily criticized for its potential to influence ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) volatilization loss due to irrational fertilizer N application. Therefore, improving the N fertilization strategies within residue straw systems is necessary to reduce N loss from NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization. This study investigated how the incorporation of oilseed rape straw and the urease inhibitor affected NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization, fertilizer N use efficiency (FNUE), and rice yields over two growing seasons (2018–2019) in the purple soil region. This study arranged eight treatments combined straw (2, 5, 8 ton ha<sup>−1</sup>, named 2S, 5S, 8S, respectively), with urea or urease inhibitor (UI, 1% NBPT) with three replicates, which included control (CK), UR (Urea, 150 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>), UR + 2S, UR + 5S, UR + 8S, UR + 2S + UI, UR + 5S + UI, UR + 8S + UI, based on the randomized complete block method. Our results indicated that incorporating oilseed rape straw increased NH<sub>3</sub> losses by 3.2–30.4% in 2018 and 4.3–17.6% in 2019 than the UR treatment, attributing to the higher NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N content and pH value within floodwater. However, the UR + 2S + UI, UR + 5S + UI and UR + 8S + UI treatments reduced NH<sub>3</sub> losses by 3.8%, 30.3%, and 8.1% in 2018 and 19.9%, 39.5%, and 35.8% in 2019, separately compared to their corresponding UR plus straw treatments. According to the findings, adding 1% NBPT significantly decreased NH<sub>3</sub> losses while incorporating 5 ton ha<sup>−1</sup> oilseed rape straw. Furthermore, adding straw, either alone or in conjunction with 1% NBPT, increased rice yield and FNUE by 0.6–18.8% and 0.6–18.8%, respectively. Otherwise, NH<sub>3</sub> losses scaled by yield in the UR + 5S + UI treatment decreased significantly between all treatments in 2018 and 2019. These results suggest that optimizing the oilseed rape straw rate combined with 1% NBPT applied with urea efficiently increased rice yield and reduced NH<sub>3</sub> emissions in the purple soil region of Sichuan Province, China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:59:48Z |
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| id | doaj.art-8c9692d6552e44c2bf5b02fbabc1aa2a |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:59:48Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-8c9692d6552e44c2bf5b02fbabc1aa2a2023-11-18T08:22:57ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-05-011211207110.3390/plants12112071Effects of the Combining Straw Return with Urease Inhibitor on Ammonia Volatilization, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Rice Yield in Purple Soil AreasHong Wang0Kelin Hu1Li Yao2Qi Zhang3Chaowen Lin4Haitao Liu5Fuxiang Luo6Honglin Chen7Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaCollege of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaStraw return in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) paddy has been heavily criticized for its potential to influence ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) volatilization loss due to irrational fertilizer N application. Therefore, improving the N fertilization strategies within residue straw systems is necessary to reduce N loss from NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization. This study investigated how the incorporation of oilseed rape straw and the urease inhibitor affected NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization, fertilizer N use efficiency (FNUE), and rice yields over two growing seasons (2018–2019) in the purple soil region. This study arranged eight treatments combined straw (2, 5, 8 ton ha<sup>−1</sup>, named 2S, 5S, 8S, respectively), with urea or urease inhibitor (UI, 1% NBPT) with three replicates, which included control (CK), UR (Urea, 150 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>), UR + 2S, UR + 5S, UR + 8S, UR + 2S + UI, UR + 5S + UI, UR + 8S + UI, based on the randomized complete block method. Our results indicated that incorporating oilseed rape straw increased NH<sub>3</sub> losses by 3.2–30.4% in 2018 and 4.3–17.6% in 2019 than the UR treatment, attributing to the higher NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N content and pH value within floodwater. However, the UR + 2S + UI, UR + 5S + UI and UR + 8S + UI treatments reduced NH<sub>3</sub> losses by 3.8%, 30.3%, and 8.1% in 2018 and 19.9%, 39.5%, and 35.8% in 2019, separately compared to their corresponding UR plus straw treatments. According to the findings, adding 1% NBPT significantly decreased NH<sub>3</sub> losses while incorporating 5 ton ha<sup>−1</sup> oilseed rape straw. Furthermore, adding straw, either alone or in conjunction with 1% NBPT, increased rice yield and FNUE by 0.6–18.8% and 0.6–18.8%, respectively. Otherwise, NH<sub>3</sub> losses scaled by yield in the UR + 5S + UI treatment decreased significantly between all treatments in 2018 and 2019. These results suggest that optimizing the oilseed rape straw rate combined with 1% NBPT applied with urea efficiently increased rice yield and reduced NH<sub>3</sub> emissions in the purple soil region of Sichuan Province, China.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/11/2071ammonia volatilizationstraw incorporationurease inhibitorrice yieldfertilizer N use efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Hong Wang Kelin Hu Li Yao Qi Zhang Chaowen Lin Haitao Liu Fuxiang Luo Honglin Chen Effects of the Combining Straw Return with Urease Inhibitor on Ammonia Volatilization, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Rice Yield in Purple Soil Areas Plants ammonia volatilization straw incorporation urease inhibitor rice yield fertilizer N use efficiency |
| title | Effects of the Combining Straw Return with Urease Inhibitor on Ammonia Volatilization, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Rice Yield in Purple Soil Areas |
| title_full | Effects of the Combining Straw Return with Urease Inhibitor on Ammonia Volatilization, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Rice Yield in Purple Soil Areas |
| title_fullStr | Effects of the Combining Straw Return with Urease Inhibitor on Ammonia Volatilization, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Rice Yield in Purple Soil Areas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of the Combining Straw Return with Urease Inhibitor on Ammonia Volatilization, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Rice Yield in Purple Soil Areas |
| title_short | Effects of the Combining Straw Return with Urease Inhibitor on Ammonia Volatilization, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Rice Yield in Purple Soil Areas |
| title_sort | effects of the combining straw return with urease inhibitor on ammonia volatilization nitrogen use efficiency and rice yield in purple soil areas |
| topic | ammonia volatilization straw incorporation urease inhibitor rice yield fertilizer N use efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/11/2071 |
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