Counteraction of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Potential of <i>Terminalia catappa</i> Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles against <i>Candida albicans</i> and Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria
Biofilms not only protect bacteria and Candida species from antibiotics, but they also promote the emergence of drug-resistant strains, making eradication more challenging. As a result, novel antimicrobial agents to counteract biofilm formation are desperately needed. In this study, <i>Termina...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/6/725 |
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| author | Mohammad Azam Ansari Abul Kalam Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi Mohammad N. Alomary Sami AlYahya Mohammad Kashif Aziz Shekhar Srivastava Saad Alghamdi Sultan Akhtar Hussain D. Almalki Syed F. Adil Mujeeb Khan Mohammad R. Hatshan |
| author_facet | Mohammad Azam Ansari Abul Kalam Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi Mohammad N. Alomary Sami AlYahya Mohammad Kashif Aziz Shekhar Srivastava Saad Alghamdi Sultan Akhtar Hussain D. Almalki Syed F. Adil Mujeeb Khan Mohammad R. Hatshan |
| author_sort | Mohammad Azam Ansari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biofilms not only protect bacteria and Candida species from antibiotics, but they also promote the emergence of drug-resistant strains, making eradication more challenging. As a result, novel antimicrobial agents to counteract biofilm formation are desperately needed. In this study, <i>Terminalia catappa</i> leaf extract (TCE) was used to optimize the TCE-capped silver nanoparticles (TCE-AgNPs) via a one-pot single-step method. Varied concentrations of TCE have yielded different sized AgNPs. The physico-chemical characterization of TCE-AgNPs using UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy have confirmed the formation of nanostructures, their shape and size and plausible role of TCE bio-active compounds, most likely involved in the synthesis as well as stabilization of NPs, respectively. TCE-AgNPs have been tested for antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (MDR-PA), methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), and <i>Candida albicans</i> using various microbiological protocols. TCE-Ag-NPs−3 significantly inhibits biofilm formation of MDR-PA, MRSA, and <i>C. albicans</i> by 73.7, 69.56, and 63.63%, respectively, at a concentration of 7.8 µg/mL, as determined by crystal violet microtiter assay. Furthermore, SEM micrograph shows that TCE-AgNPs significantly inhibit the colonization and adherence of biofilm forming cells; individual cells with loss of cell wall and membrane integrity were also observed, suggesting that the biofilm architecture and EPS matrix were severely damaged. Moreover, TEM and SEM images showed that TCE-AgNPs brutally damaged the cell wall and membranes of MDR-PA, MRSA, and <i>C. albicans</i>. Additionally, extreme ultrastructural changes such as deformation, disintegration, and separation of cell wall and membrane from the cells, have also been observed, indicating significant loss of membrane and cell wall integrity, which eventually led to cell death. Overall, the research revealed a simple, environmentally friendly, and low-cost method for producing colloidal TCE-AgNPs with promising applications in advanced clinical settings against broad-spectrum biofilm-forming antibiotic-resistant bacteria and candida strains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:21:37Z |
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| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:21:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
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| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8cbac82088c24f1d935782864a4966742023-11-22T00:21:20ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-06-0110672510.3390/antibiotics10060725Counteraction of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Potential of <i>Terminalia catappa</i> Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles against <i>Candida albicans</i> and Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive BacteriaMohammad Azam Ansari0Abul Kalam1Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi2Mohammad N. Alomary3Sami AlYahya4Mohammad Kashif Aziz5Shekhar Srivastava6Saad Alghamdi7Sultan Akhtar8Hussain D. Almalki9Syed F. Adil10Mujeeb Khan11Mohammad R. Hatshan12Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaNational Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi ArabiaNational Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211001, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211001, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaLaboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24231, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biophysics, Institute for Research & Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, University College in Al-Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Al-Mukarramah 1109, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaBiofilms not only protect bacteria and Candida species from antibiotics, but they also promote the emergence of drug-resistant strains, making eradication more challenging. As a result, novel antimicrobial agents to counteract biofilm formation are desperately needed. In this study, <i>Terminalia catappa</i> leaf extract (TCE) was used to optimize the TCE-capped silver nanoparticles (TCE-AgNPs) via a one-pot single-step method. Varied concentrations of TCE have yielded different sized AgNPs. The physico-chemical characterization of TCE-AgNPs using UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy have confirmed the formation of nanostructures, their shape and size and plausible role of TCE bio-active compounds, most likely involved in the synthesis as well as stabilization of NPs, respectively. TCE-AgNPs have been tested for antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (MDR-PA), methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), and <i>Candida albicans</i> using various microbiological protocols. TCE-Ag-NPs−3 significantly inhibits biofilm formation of MDR-PA, MRSA, and <i>C. albicans</i> by 73.7, 69.56, and 63.63%, respectively, at a concentration of 7.8 µg/mL, as determined by crystal violet microtiter assay. Furthermore, SEM micrograph shows that TCE-AgNPs significantly inhibit the colonization and adherence of biofilm forming cells; individual cells with loss of cell wall and membrane integrity were also observed, suggesting that the biofilm architecture and EPS matrix were severely damaged. Moreover, TEM and SEM images showed that TCE-AgNPs brutally damaged the cell wall and membranes of MDR-PA, MRSA, and <i>C. albicans</i>. Additionally, extreme ultrastructural changes such as deformation, disintegration, and separation of cell wall and membrane from the cells, have also been observed, indicating significant loss of membrane and cell wall integrity, which eventually led to cell death. Overall, the research revealed a simple, environmentally friendly, and low-cost method for producing colloidal TCE-AgNPs with promising applications in advanced clinical settings against broad-spectrum biofilm-forming antibiotic-resistant bacteria and candida strains.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/6/725biofilmantibiotics resistantbio-actives cappingsilver nanoparticlesTEMultrastructural changes |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Azam Ansari Abul Kalam Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi Mohammad N. Alomary Sami AlYahya Mohammad Kashif Aziz Shekhar Srivastava Saad Alghamdi Sultan Akhtar Hussain D. Almalki Syed F. Adil Mujeeb Khan Mohammad R. Hatshan Counteraction of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Potential of <i>Terminalia catappa</i> Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles against <i>Candida albicans</i> and Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria Antibiotics biofilm antibiotics resistant bio-actives capping silver nanoparticles TEM ultrastructural changes |
| title | Counteraction of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Potential of <i>Terminalia catappa</i> Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles against <i>Candida albicans</i> and Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria |
| title_full | Counteraction of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Potential of <i>Terminalia catappa</i> Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles against <i>Candida albicans</i> and Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria |
| title_fullStr | Counteraction of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Potential of <i>Terminalia catappa</i> Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles against <i>Candida albicans</i> and Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Counteraction of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Potential of <i>Terminalia catappa</i> Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles against <i>Candida albicans</i> and Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria |
| title_short | Counteraction of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Potential of <i>Terminalia catappa</i> Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles against <i>Candida albicans</i> and Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria |
| title_sort | counteraction of biofilm formation and antimicrobial potential of i terminalia catappa i functionalized silver nanoparticles against i candida albicans i and multidrug resistant gram negative and gram positive bacteria |
| topic | biofilm antibiotics resistant bio-actives capping silver nanoparticles TEM ultrastructural changes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/6/725 |
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