Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among 12-year-old children and its association with craniofacial characteristics: a cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Identifying the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and craniofacial factors associated with this condition requires studies with random sampling from the general population, and multiple criteria can be used for assessing AH on lateral cephalometric radiograph (LCR). The pres...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Progress in Orthodontics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-023-00481-4 |
| _version_ | 1797556104137277440 |
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| author | Kwan Lok Tse Fabio Savoldi Kar Yan Li Colman P. McGrath Yanqi Yang Min Gu |
| author_facet | Kwan Lok Tse Fabio Savoldi Kar Yan Li Colman P. McGrath Yanqi Yang Min Gu |
| author_sort | Kwan Lok Tse |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Identifying the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and craniofacial factors associated with this condition requires studies with random sampling from the general population, and multiple criteria can be used for assessing AH on lateral cephalometric radiograph (LCR). The present analysis represents the first report performed according to these requirements in a large cross-sectional sample of children. Methods LCRs of 517 12-year-old children (286 males, 231 females) randomly selected from the general population were retrospectively retrieved. AH was defined using three criteria (At/Nd, Ad-Ba/PNS-Ba, 1-Npaa/Npa), and twelve craniofacial variables were measured (SNA, SNB, ANB, Wits, Cd-Gn, MnP^SN, MxP^MnP, TPFH/TAFH, OPT^SN, C2ps-C4pi^SN, H-CV, H-FH). Skeletal characteristics were compared between children with and without AH using Mann–Whitney U test. Binary logistic regression (adjusted for sex and skeletal growth) was used to independently quantify the association between craniofacial factors and AH. Results The prevalence of children with AH was 17.6% (according to At/Nd), 19.0% (according to Ad-Ba/PNS-Ba), and 13.9% (according to 1-Npaa/Npa). Children with AH presented greater antero-posterior jaw discrepancy (larger ANB, smaller SNB), greater mandibular divergence (larger MnP^SN), forward head posture (larger OPT^SN and C2ps-C4pi^SN), and anteriorly positioned hyoid bone (larger H-CV). Larger SNA (OR = 1.39–1.48), while smaller SNB (OR = 0.77–0.88) and Wits (OR = 0.85–0.87), were associated with greater likelihood of having AH, independently from the assessment method used. Conclusions The prevalence of children with AH ranged from 13.9 to 19.0% based on LCR. Greater antero-posterior maxillo–mandibular discrepancy and mandibular retrusion were independently associated with higher likelihood of having AH. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:57:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ccf9d3ca2224169988547928a776d59 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2196-1042 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:57:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
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| series | Progress in Orthodontics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ccf9d3ca2224169988547928a776d592023-11-20T11:05:27ZengSpringerOpenProgress in Orthodontics2196-10422023-09-0124111110.1186/s40510-023-00481-4Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among 12-year-old children and its association with craniofacial characteristics: a cross-sectional studyKwan Lok Tse0Fabio Savoldi1Kar Yan Li2Colman P. McGrath3Yanqi Yang4Min Gu5Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong KongOrthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong KongClinical Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong KongDental Public Health, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong KongOrthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong KongOrthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong KongAbstract Background Identifying the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and craniofacial factors associated with this condition requires studies with random sampling from the general population, and multiple criteria can be used for assessing AH on lateral cephalometric radiograph (LCR). The present analysis represents the first report performed according to these requirements in a large cross-sectional sample of children. Methods LCRs of 517 12-year-old children (286 males, 231 females) randomly selected from the general population were retrospectively retrieved. AH was defined using three criteria (At/Nd, Ad-Ba/PNS-Ba, 1-Npaa/Npa), and twelve craniofacial variables were measured (SNA, SNB, ANB, Wits, Cd-Gn, MnP^SN, MxP^MnP, TPFH/TAFH, OPT^SN, C2ps-C4pi^SN, H-CV, H-FH). Skeletal characteristics were compared between children with and without AH using Mann–Whitney U test. Binary logistic regression (adjusted for sex and skeletal growth) was used to independently quantify the association between craniofacial factors and AH. Results The prevalence of children with AH was 17.6% (according to At/Nd), 19.0% (according to Ad-Ba/PNS-Ba), and 13.9% (according to 1-Npaa/Npa). Children with AH presented greater antero-posterior jaw discrepancy (larger ANB, smaller SNB), greater mandibular divergence (larger MnP^SN), forward head posture (larger OPT^SN and C2ps-C4pi^SN), and anteriorly positioned hyoid bone (larger H-CV). Larger SNA (OR = 1.39–1.48), while smaller SNB (OR = 0.77–0.88) and Wits (OR = 0.85–0.87), were associated with greater likelihood of having AH, independently from the assessment method used. Conclusions The prevalence of children with AH ranged from 13.9 to 19.0% based on LCR. Greater antero-posterior maxillo–mandibular discrepancy and mandibular retrusion were independently associated with higher likelihood of having AH.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-023-00481-4AdenoidsLateral cephalometryUpper airwayChildren |
| spellingShingle | Kwan Lok Tse Fabio Savoldi Kar Yan Li Colman P. McGrath Yanqi Yang Min Gu Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among 12-year-old children and its association with craniofacial characteristics: a cross-sectional study Progress in Orthodontics Adenoids Lateral cephalometry Upper airway Children |
| title | Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among 12-year-old children and its association with craniofacial characteristics: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among 12-year-old children and its association with craniofacial characteristics: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among 12-year-old children and its association with craniofacial characteristics: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among 12-year-old children and its association with craniofacial characteristics: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among 12-year-old children and its association with craniofacial characteristics: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among 12 year old children and its association with craniofacial characteristics a cross sectional study |
| topic | Adenoids Lateral cephalometry Upper airway Children |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-023-00481-4 |
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