Exercise Promotes the Osteoinduction of HA/β-TCP Biomaterials via the Wnt Signaling Pathway
To<b> </b>investigate the osteoinductive mechanism triggered by hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) biomaterials in mice which keep exercising. <b>Methods:</b> The HA/β-TCP biomaterials were implanted in the muscle of bilateral thighs (...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-03-01
|
| Series: | Metabolites |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/3/90 |
| _version_ | 1819105345357742080 |
|---|---|
| author | Lijia Cheng Ahmad Taha Khalaf Tianchang Lin Ling Ran Zheng Shi Jun Wan Xin Zhou Liang Zou |
| author_facet | Lijia Cheng Ahmad Taha Khalaf Tianchang Lin Ling Ran Zheng Shi Jun Wan Xin Zhou Liang Zou |
| author_sort | Lijia Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To<b> </b>investigate the osteoinductive mechanism triggered by hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) biomaterials in mice which keep exercising. <b>Methods:</b> The HA/β-TCP biomaterials were implanted in the muscle of bilateral thighs (non-osseous sites) of eighty Balb/C mice. All animals were then randomly divided into 4 groups (<i>n </i>=<i> </i>20). In group 1 (negative control group), the mice were fed routinely. In group 2 (running group), all mice were put on a treadmill which was set to a 60-degree incline. The mice ran 20 min thrice each day. A 5-minute break was included in the routine from day three onwards. In group 3 (weight-bearing group), all mice underwent weight-bearing running. The mice in this group performed the same routine as group 2 while carrying 5 g rubber weights. In group 4 (positive control group), dexamethasone was injected in the implanted sites of the biomaterials from the day of the operation. All mice were injected once per week and received a total of 8 injections. One and eight weeks after surgery, the blood serum was collected to detect inflammatory and immunological factors by ELISA. In addition to this, biomaterial specimens were obtained to observe inflammatory and osteogenic levels via histological staining and to facilitate analysis of the osteogenic mechanism by Western Blot. <b>Results: </b>The inflammation indexes caused by surgery were alleviated through running or weight-bearing running: The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly reduced in groups 2 and 3 at week 8. Exercise also enhanced the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in mice; this can strengthen their immunity. The new bone tissues were observed in all groups; however, the area percentage of new bone tissues and the number of osteoblasts were highest in the weight-bearing group. Furthermore, the key proteins of wingless/integrated (Wnt) signaling pathway, Wnt1, Wnt3a, and β-catenin, were up-regulated during osteoinduction. This up-regulation activated runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), increased the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN). <b>Conclusion:</b> Weight-bearing exercise can promote the bone and bone marrow formation through the Wnt signaling pathway: Observations documented here suggest that the proper exercise is beneficial to the recovery of bone damage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T02:20:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8cd167c57def482ea2b901fe0dad5bca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T02:20:46Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-8cd167c57def482ea2b901fe0dad5bca2022-12-21T18:42:08ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892020-03-011039010.3390/metabo10030090metabo10030090Exercise Promotes the Osteoinduction of HA/β-TCP Biomaterials via the Wnt Signaling PathwayLijia Cheng0Ahmad Taha Khalaf1Tianchang Lin2Ling Ran3Zheng Shi4Jun Wan5Xin Zhou6Liang Zou7College of Medicine (College of Nursing), Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaCollege of Medicine (College of Nursing), Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaCollege of Medicine (College of Nursing), Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaCollege of Medicine (College of Nursing), Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaCollege of Medicine (College of Nursing), Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaCollege of Medicine (College of Nursing), Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaCollege of Medicine (College of Nursing), Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaCollege of Medicine (College of Nursing), Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaTo<b> </b>investigate the osteoinductive mechanism triggered by hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) biomaterials in mice which keep exercising. <b>Methods:</b> The HA/β-TCP biomaterials were implanted in the muscle of bilateral thighs (non-osseous sites) of eighty Balb/C mice. All animals were then randomly divided into 4 groups (<i>n </i>=<i> </i>20). In group 1 (negative control group), the mice were fed routinely. In group 2 (running group), all mice were put on a treadmill which was set to a 60-degree incline. The mice ran 20 min thrice each day. A 5-minute break was included in the routine from day three onwards. In group 3 (weight-bearing group), all mice underwent weight-bearing running. The mice in this group performed the same routine as group 2 while carrying 5 g rubber weights. In group 4 (positive control group), dexamethasone was injected in the implanted sites of the biomaterials from the day of the operation. All mice were injected once per week and received a total of 8 injections. One and eight weeks after surgery, the blood serum was collected to detect inflammatory and immunological factors by ELISA. In addition to this, biomaterial specimens were obtained to observe inflammatory and osteogenic levels via histological staining and to facilitate analysis of the osteogenic mechanism by Western Blot. <b>Results: </b>The inflammation indexes caused by surgery were alleviated through running or weight-bearing running: The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly reduced in groups 2 and 3 at week 8. Exercise also enhanced the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in mice; this can strengthen their immunity. The new bone tissues were observed in all groups; however, the area percentage of new bone tissues and the number of osteoblasts were highest in the weight-bearing group. Furthermore, the key proteins of wingless/integrated (Wnt) signaling pathway, Wnt1, Wnt3a, and β-catenin, were up-regulated during osteoinduction. This up-regulation activated runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), increased the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN). <b>Conclusion:</b> Weight-bearing exercise can promote the bone and bone marrow formation through the Wnt signaling pathway: Observations documented here suggest that the proper exercise is beneficial to the recovery of bone damage.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/3/90osteoinductionhydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphatewnt signaling pathwayexercise |
| spellingShingle | Lijia Cheng Ahmad Taha Khalaf Tianchang Lin Ling Ran Zheng Shi Jun Wan Xin Zhou Liang Zou Exercise Promotes the Osteoinduction of HA/β-TCP Biomaterials via the Wnt Signaling Pathway Metabolites osteoinduction hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate wnt signaling pathway exercise |
| title | Exercise Promotes the Osteoinduction of HA/β-TCP Biomaterials via the Wnt Signaling Pathway |
| title_full | Exercise Promotes the Osteoinduction of HA/β-TCP Biomaterials via the Wnt Signaling Pathway |
| title_fullStr | Exercise Promotes the Osteoinduction of HA/β-TCP Biomaterials via the Wnt Signaling Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exercise Promotes the Osteoinduction of HA/β-TCP Biomaterials via the Wnt Signaling Pathway |
| title_short | Exercise Promotes the Osteoinduction of HA/β-TCP Biomaterials via the Wnt Signaling Pathway |
| title_sort | exercise promotes the osteoinduction of ha β tcp biomaterials via the wnt signaling pathway |
| topic | osteoinduction hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate wnt signaling pathway exercise |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/3/90 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lijiacheng exercisepromotestheosteoinductionofhabtcpbiomaterialsviathewntsignalingpathway AT ahmadtahakhalaf exercisepromotestheosteoinductionofhabtcpbiomaterialsviathewntsignalingpathway AT tianchanglin exercisepromotestheosteoinductionofhabtcpbiomaterialsviathewntsignalingpathway AT lingran exercisepromotestheosteoinductionofhabtcpbiomaterialsviathewntsignalingpathway AT zhengshi exercisepromotestheosteoinductionofhabtcpbiomaterialsviathewntsignalingpathway AT junwan exercisepromotestheosteoinductionofhabtcpbiomaterialsviathewntsignalingpathway AT xinzhou exercisepromotestheosteoinductionofhabtcpbiomaterialsviathewntsignalingpathway AT liangzou exercisepromotestheosteoinductionofhabtcpbiomaterialsviathewntsignalingpathway |