Disturbance reduces fungal white‐rot litter mat cover in a wet subtropical forest
Abstract Fungi that bind leaf litter into mats and produce white‐rot via degradation of lignin and other aromatic compounds influence forest nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Extent of white‐rot litter mats formed by basidiomycete fungi in Puerto Rico decreased in response to disturbances—a simul...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Ecosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3936 |
| _version_ | 1811330216735277056 |
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| author | D. Jean Lodge Ashley E. Van Beusekom Grizelle González Mareli Sánchez‐Julia Sarah Stankavich |
| author_facet | D. Jean Lodge Ashley E. Van Beusekom Grizelle González Mareli Sánchez‐Julia Sarah Stankavich |
| author_sort | D. Jean Lodge |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Fungi that bind leaf litter into mats and produce white‐rot via degradation of lignin and other aromatic compounds influence forest nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Extent of white‐rot litter mats formed by basidiomycete fungi in Puerto Rico decreased in response to disturbances—a simulated hurricane treatment executed by canopy trimming and debris addition in 2014, a drought in 2015, a treefall, and two hurricanes 10 days apart in September 2017. Percent fungal litter mat cover ranged from 0.4% after Hurricanes Irma and Maria to a high of 53% in forest with undisturbed canopy prior to the 2017 hurricanes, with means mostly between 10% and 45% of fungal litter mat cover in undisturbed forest. Drought decreased litter mat cover in both treatments, except in one control plot dominated by a drought‐resistant fungus, Marasmius crinis‐equi. Percent fungal litter mat cover sharply declined after hurricanes, a treefall, and a simulated hurricane treatment. Solar radiation was significantly inversely correlated with relative humidity (RH) and percent litter mat cover within each of the four climatic seasons. Solar radiation was also directly correlated with prior month litterfall, while RH was moderately correlated with throughfall, rain, and litter wetness. However, rainfall was inversely correlated with litter mat cover, possibly due to erosion or saturation during high rainfall events. Canopy opening reduced leaf fall and litter mat cover but these variables were not correlated except in winter. The main factor inhibiting basidiomycete fungi that bind leaf litter into mats was likely lower litter moisture associated with drought and increased solar radiation from canopy opening but secondary compounds in green litterfall may have contributed. Although higher litterfall likely increases fungal mat cover under closed canopy, changes in environmental factors apparently had a stronger inhibitory effect following canopy disturbances. Drought tolerance of some basidiomycete fungal litter mat species provided some resilience to drought. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T15:57:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8cd2ce88363a4a179f96bd7820588f76 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2150-8925 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T15:57:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-8cd2ce88363a4a179f96bd7820588f762022-12-22T02:40:38ZengWileyEcosphere2150-89252022-02-01132n/an/a10.1002/ecs2.3936Disturbance reduces fungal white‐rot litter mat cover in a wet subtropical forestD. Jean Lodge0Ashley E. Van Beusekom1Grizelle González2Mareli Sánchez‐Julia3Sarah Stankavich4Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service Luquillo Puerto RicoInternational Institute of Tropical Forestry USDA Forest Service Río Piedras Puerto RicoInternational Institute of Tropical Forestry USDA Forest Service Río Piedras Puerto RicoDepartments of Environmental Studies and Biology Wofford College Spartanburg South Carolina USAInstitute of Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico—Río Piedras San Juan Puerto Rico USAAbstract Fungi that bind leaf litter into mats and produce white‐rot via degradation of lignin and other aromatic compounds influence forest nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Extent of white‐rot litter mats formed by basidiomycete fungi in Puerto Rico decreased in response to disturbances—a simulated hurricane treatment executed by canopy trimming and debris addition in 2014, a drought in 2015, a treefall, and two hurricanes 10 days apart in September 2017. Percent fungal litter mat cover ranged from 0.4% after Hurricanes Irma and Maria to a high of 53% in forest with undisturbed canopy prior to the 2017 hurricanes, with means mostly between 10% and 45% of fungal litter mat cover in undisturbed forest. Drought decreased litter mat cover in both treatments, except in one control plot dominated by a drought‐resistant fungus, Marasmius crinis‐equi. Percent fungal litter mat cover sharply declined after hurricanes, a treefall, and a simulated hurricane treatment. Solar radiation was significantly inversely correlated with relative humidity (RH) and percent litter mat cover within each of the four climatic seasons. Solar radiation was also directly correlated with prior month litterfall, while RH was moderately correlated with throughfall, rain, and litter wetness. However, rainfall was inversely correlated with litter mat cover, possibly due to erosion or saturation during high rainfall events. Canopy opening reduced leaf fall and litter mat cover but these variables were not correlated except in winter. The main factor inhibiting basidiomycete fungi that bind leaf litter into mats was likely lower litter moisture associated with drought and increased solar radiation from canopy opening but secondary compounds in green litterfall may have contributed. Although higher litterfall likely increases fungal mat cover under closed canopy, changes in environmental factors apparently had a stronger inhibitory effect following canopy disturbances. Drought tolerance of some basidiomycete fungal litter mat species provided some resilience to drought.https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3936droughtforest canopy openinghurricaneshurricane disturbanceleaf litter decompositionlitter mats |
| spellingShingle | D. Jean Lodge Ashley E. Van Beusekom Grizelle González Mareli Sánchez‐Julia Sarah Stankavich Disturbance reduces fungal white‐rot litter mat cover in a wet subtropical forest Ecosphere drought forest canopy opening hurricanes hurricane disturbance leaf litter decomposition litter mats |
| title | Disturbance reduces fungal white‐rot litter mat cover in a wet subtropical forest |
| title_full | Disturbance reduces fungal white‐rot litter mat cover in a wet subtropical forest |
| title_fullStr | Disturbance reduces fungal white‐rot litter mat cover in a wet subtropical forest |
| title_full_unstemmed | Disturbance reduces fungal white‐rot litter mat cover in a wet subtropical forest |
| title_short | Disturbance reduces fungal white‐rot litter mat cover in a wet subtropical forest |
| title_sort | disturbance reduces fungal white rot litter mat cover in a wet subtropical forest |
| topic | drought forest canopy opening hurricanes hurricane disturbance leaf litter decomposition litter mats |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3936 |
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