Comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis
ObjectivesWhile feline chronic bronchitis (CB) is known as neutrophilic bronchial inflammation (NI), feline asthma (FA) is defined as an eosinophilic airway inflammation (EI). Feline chronic bronchial disease refers to both syndromes, with similar clinical presentations and applied treatment strateg...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1148849/full |
| _version_ | 1797859701886550016 |
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| author | Melanie Werner Melanie Werner Jasmin Weeger Lina Hörner-Schmid Karin Weber Jelena Palić Jonathan Shih Jan S. Suchodolski Rachel Pilla Bianka Schulz |
| author_facet | Melanie Werner Melanie Werner Jasmin Weeger Lina Hörner-Schmid Karin Weber Jelena Palić Jonathan Shih Jan S. Suchodolski Rachel Pilla Bianka Schulz |
| author_sort | Melanie Werner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectivesWhile feline chronic bronchitis (CB) is known as neutrophilic bronchial inflammation (NI), feline asthma (FA) is defined as an eosinophilic airway inflammation (EI). Feline chronic bronchial disease refers to both syndromes, with similar clinical presentations and applied treatment strategies. Recent studies described alterations of the microbiota composition in cats with FA, but little is known about the comparison of the lung microbiota between different types of feline bronchial disease. The study aimed to describe the bacterial microbiota of the lower respiratory tracts of cats with FA and CB and to identify potential differences.MethodsTwenty-two client-owned cats with FA (n = 15) or CB (n = 7) confirmed via bronchoalveolar-lavage (BALF)-cytology were included. Next-generation sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes was performed on bacterial DNA derived from BALF samples. QIIME was used to compare microbial composition and diversity between groups.ResultsEvenness and alpha-diversity-indices did not significantly differ between cats with FA and CB (Shannon p = 0.084, Chao 1 p = 0.698, observed ASVs p = 0.944). Based on a PERMANOVA analysis, no significant differences were observed in microbial composition between animals of both groups (Bray-Curtis metric, R-value 0.086, p = 0.785; unweighted UniFrac metric, R-value −0.089, p = 0.799; weighted Unifrac metric, R-value −0.072, p = 0.823). Regarding taxonomic composition, significant differences were detected for Actinobacteria on the phylum level (p = 0.026), Mycoplasma spp. (p = 0.048), and Acinetobacteria (p = 0.049) on the genus level between cats with FA and CB, with generally strong interindividual differences seen. There was a significant difference in the duration of clinical signs before diagnosis in animals dominated by Bacteriodetes (median 12 months, range 2–58 months) compared to animals dominated by Proteobacteria (median 1 month, range 1 day to 18 months; p = 0.003).Conclusions and relevanceLung microbiota composition is very similar in cat populations with spontaneous FA and CB besides small differences in some bacterial groups. However, with disease progression, the lung microbiome of cats with both diseases appears to shift away from dominantly Proteobacteria to a pattern more dominated by Bacteriodetes. A substantial proportion of cats tested positive for Mycoplasma spp. via sequencing, while none of them tested positive using classical PCR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:34:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8cdc3ed4348b48d992791c2d3ccb5f56 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:34:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-8cdc3ed4348b48d992791c2d3ccb5f562023-03-27T04:57:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-03-011010.3389/fvets.2023.11488491148849Comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitisMelanie Werner0Melanie Werner1Jasmin Weeger2Lina Hörner-Schmid3Karin Weber4Jelena Palić5Jonathan Shih6Jan S. Suchodolski7Rachel Pilla8Bianka Schulz9Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, GermanyClinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, GermanyClinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, GermanyClinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, GermanyVet Med Labor GmbH, Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Kornwestheim, GermanyGastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesGastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesGastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesClinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, GermanyObjectivesWhile feline chronic bronchitis (CB) is known as neutrophilic bronchial inflammation (NI), feline asthma (FA) is defined as an eosinophilic airway inflammation (EI). Feline chronic bronchial disease refers to both syndromes, with similar clinical presentations and applied treatment strategies. Recent studies described alterations of the microbiota composition in cats with FA, but little is known about the comparison of the lung microbiota between different types of feline bronchial disease. The study aimed to describe the bacterial microbiota of the lower respiratory tracts of cats with FA and CB and to identify potential differences.MethodsTwenty-two client-owned cats with FA (n = 15) or CB (n = 7) confirmed via bronchoalveolar-lavage (BALF)-cytology were included. Next-generation sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes was performed on bacterial DNA derived from BALF samples. QIIME was used to compare microbial composition and diversity between groups.ResultsEvenness and alpha-diversity-indices did not significantly differ between cats with FA and CB (Shannon p = 0.084, Chao 1 p = 0.698, observed ASVs p = 0.944). Based on a PERMANOVA analysis, no significant differences were observed in microbial composition between animals of both groups (Bray-Curtis metric, R-value 0.086, p = 0.785; unweighted UniFrac metric, R-value −0.089, p = 0.799; weighted Unifrac metric, R-value −0.072, p = 0.823). Regarding taxonomic composition, significant differences were detected for Actinobacteria on the phylum level (p = 0.026), Mycoplasma spp. (p = 0.048), and Acinetobacteria (p = 0.049) on the genus level between cats with FA and CB, with generally strong interindividual differences seen. There was a significant difference in the duration of clinical signs before diagnosis in animals dominated by Bacteriodetes (median 12 months, range 2–58 months) compared to animals dominated by Proteobacteria (median 1 month, range 1 day to 18 months; p = 0.003).Conclusions and relevanceLung microbiota composition is very similar in cat populations with spontaneous FA and CB besides small differences in some bacterial groups. However, with disease progression, the lung microbiome of cats with both diseases appears to shift away from dominantly Proteobacteria to a pattern more dominated by Bacteriodetes. A substantial proportion of cats tested positive for Mycoplasma spp. via sequencing, while none of them tested positive using classical PCR.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1148849/fullmicrobiotacoughlungeosinophilicneutrophilic |
| spellingShingle | Melanie Werner Melanie Werner Jasmin Weeger Lina Hörner-Schmid Karin Weber Jelena Palić Jonathan Shih Jan S. Suchodolski Rachel Pilla Bianka Schulz Comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis Frontiers in Veterinary Science microbiota cough lung eosinophilic neutrophilic |
| title | Comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis |
| title_full | Comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis |
| title_short | Comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis |
| title_sort | comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis |
| topic | microbiota cough lung eosinophilic neutrophilic |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1148849/full |
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