Avian influenza A H5N1 virus: a continuous threat to humans
We report the first case of severe pneumonia due to co-infection with the emerging avian influenza A (H5N1) virus subclade 2.3.2.1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The patient was a returning traveller who had visited a poultry market in South China. We then review the epidemiology, virology, interspecies...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2012-07-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1038/emi.2012.24 |
| _version_ | 1797661263710388224 |
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| author | Kelvin KW To Kenneth HL Ng Tak-Lun Que Jacky MC Chan Kay-Yan Tsang Alan KL Tsang Honglin Chen Kwok-Yung Yuen |
| author_facet | Kelvin KW To Kenneth HL Ng Tak-Lun Que Jacky MC Chan Kay-Yan Tsang Alan KL Tsang Honglin Chen Kwok-Yung Yuen |
| author_sort | Kelvin KW To |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We report the first case of severe pneumonia due to co-infection with the emerging avian influenza A (H5N1) virus subclade 2.3.2.1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The patient was a returning traveller who had visited a poultry market in South China. We then review the epidemiology, virology, interspecies barrier limiting poultry-to-human transmission, clinical manifestation, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and control measures of H5N1 clades that can be transmitted to humans. The recent controversy regarding the experiments involving aerosol transmission of recombinant H5N1 virus between ferrets is discussed. We also review the relative contribution of the poor response to antiviral treatment and the virus-induced hyperinflammatory damage to the pathogenesis and the high mortality of this infection. The factors related to the host, virus or medical intervention leading to the difference in disease mortality of different countries remain unknown. Because most developing countries have difficulty in instituting effective biosecurity measures, poultry vaccination becomes an important control measure. The rapid evolution of the virus would adversely affect the efficacy of poultry vaccination unless a correctly matched vaccine was chosen, manufactured and administered in a timely manner. Vigilant surveillance must continue to allow better preparedness for another poultry or human pandemic due to new viral mutants. Emerging Microbes & Infections (2012) 1, e25; doi:10.1038/emi.2012.24 |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:41:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ce3181dfe01425187dbe818016c7c73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:41:50Z |
| publishDate | 2012-07-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ce3181dfe01425187dbe818016c7c732023-10-12T10:27:59ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512012-07-011111210.1038/emi.2012.24Avian influenza A H5N1 virus: a continuous threat to humansKelvin KW To0Kenneth HL Ng1Tak-Lun Que2Jacky MC Chan3Kay-Yan Tsang4Alan KL Tsang5Honglin Chen6Kwok-Yung Yuen7State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinaDepartment of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinaDepartment of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinaResearch Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinaWe report the first case of severe pneumonia due to co-infection with the emerging avian influenza A (H5N1) virus subclade 2.3.2.1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The patient was a returning traveller who had visited a poultry market in South China. We then review the epidemiology, virology, interspecies barrier limiting poultry-to-human transmission, clinical manifestation, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and control measures of H5N1 clades that can be transmitted to humans. The recent controversy regarding the experiments involving aerosol transmission of recombinant H5N1 virus between ferrets is discussed. We also review the relative contribution of the poor response to antiviral treatment and the virus-induced hyperinflammatory damage to the pathogenesis and the high mortality of this infection. The factors related to the host, virus or medical intervention leading to the difference in disease mortality of different countries remain unknown. Because most developing countries have difficulty in instituting effective biosecurity measures, poultry vaccination becomes an important control measure. The rapid evolution of the virus would adversely affect the efficacy of poultry vaccination unless a correctly matched vaccine was chosen, manufactured and administered in a timely manner. Vigilant surveillance must continue to allow better preparedness for another poultry or human pandemic due to new viral mutants. Emerging Microbes & Infections (2012) 1, e25; doi:10.1038/emi.2012.24https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1038/emi.2012.24avianH5N1influenza virusmycoplasma |
| spellingShingle | Kelvin KW To Kenneth HL Ng Tak-Lun Que Jacky MC Chan Kay-Yan Tsang Alan KL Tsang Honglin Chen Kwok-Yung Yuen Avian influenza A H5N1 virus: a continuous threat to humans Emerging Microbes and Infections avian H5N1 influenza virus mycoplasma |
| title | Avian influenza A H5N1 virus: a continuous threat to humans |
| title_full | Avian influenza A H5N1 virus: a continuous threat to humans |
| title_fullStr | Avian influenza A H5N1 virus: a continuous threat to humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Avian influenza A H5N1 virus: a continuous threat to humans |
| title_short | Avian influenza A H5N1 virus: a continuous threat to humans |
| title_sort | avian influenza a h5n1 virus a continuous threat to humans |
| topic | avian H5N1 influenza virus mycoplasma |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1038/emi.2012.24 |
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