Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites
Freshwater microbialites (i.e., lithifying microbial mats) are quite rare in northern latitudes of the North American continent, with two lakes (Pavilion and Kelly Lakes) of southeastern BC containing a morphological variety of such structures. We investigated Kelly Lake microbialites using carbon i...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/5/66 |
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| author | Richard Allen White Sarah A. Soles Allyson L. Brady Gordon Southam Darlene S.S. Lim Greg F. Slater |
| author_facet | Richard Allen White Sarah A. Soles Allyson L. Brady Gordon Southam Darlene S.S. Lim Greg F. Slater |
| author_sort | Richard Allen White |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Freshwater microbialites (i.e., lithifying microbial mats) are quite rare in northern latitudes of the North American continent, with two lakes (Pavilion and Kelly Lakes) of southeastern BC containing a morphological variety of such structures. We investigated Kelly Lake microbialites using carbon isotope systematics, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and quantitative PCR to obtain biosignatures associated with microbial metabolism. δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> values (mean δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> −4.9 ± 1.1‰, <i>n</i> = 8) were not in isotopic equilibrium with the atmosphere; however, they do indicate <sup>13</sup>C-depleted inorganic carbon into Kelly Lake. The values of carbonates on microbialite surfaces (δ<sup>13</sup>C) fell within the range predicted for equilibrium precipitation from ambient lake water δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> (−2.2 to −5.3‰). Deep microbialites (26 m) had an enriched δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> value of −0.3 ± 0.5‰, which is a signature of photoautotrophy. The deeper microbialites (>20 m) had higher biomass estimates (via PLFAs), and a greater relative abundance of cyanobacteria (measured by 16S copies via qPCR). The majority of PLFAs constituted monounsaturated and saturated PLFAs, which is consistent with gram-negative bacteria, including cyanobacteria. The central PLFA δ<sup>13</sup>C values were highly depleted (−9.3 to −15.7‰) relative to δ<sup>13</sup>C values of bulk organic matter, suggesting a predominance of photoautotrophy. A heterotrophic signature was also detected via the depleted <i>iso-</i> and <i>anteiso-</i>15:0 lipids (−3.2 to −5.2‰). Based on our carbonate isotopic biosignatures, PLFA, and qPCR measurements, photoautotrophy is enriched in the microbialites of Kelly Lake. This photoautotrophy enrichment is consistent with the microbialites of neighboring Pavilion Lake. This indication of photoautotrophy within Kelly Lake at its deepest depths raises new insights into the limits of measurable carbonate isotopic biosignatures under light and nutrient limitations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:48:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ceb058cb45c401297c7ccd5806ee64d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:48:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-8ceb058cb45c401297c7ccd5806ee64d2023-11-20T00:34:02ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292020-05-011056610.3390/life10050066Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater MicrobialitesRichard Allen White0Sarah A. Soles1Allyson L. Brady2Gordon Southam3Darlene S.S. Lim4Greg F. Slater5Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USASchool of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaSchool of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, AustraliaNASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USASchool of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaFreshwater microbialites (i.e., lithifying microbial mats) are quite rare in northern latitudes of the North American continent, with two lakes (Pavilion and Kelly Lakes) of southeastern BC containing a morphological variety of such structures. We investigated Kelly Lake microbialites using carbon isotope systematics, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and quantitative PCR to obtain biosignatures associated with microbial metabolism. δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> values (mean δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> −4.9 ± 1.1‰, <i>n</i> = 8) were not in isotopic equilibrium with the atmosphere; however, they do indicate <sup>13</sup>C-depleted inorganic carbon into Kelly Lake. The values of carbonates on microbialite surfaces (δ<sup>13</sup>C) fell within the range predicted for equilibrium precipitation from ambient lake water δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> (−2.2 to −5.3‰). Deep microbialites (26 m) had an enriched δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> value of −0.3 ± 0.5‰, which is a signature of photoautotrophy. The deeper microbialites (>20 m) had higher biomass estimates (via PLFAs), and a greater relative abundance of cyanobacteria (measured by 16S copies via qPCR). The majority of PLFAs constituted monounsaturated and saturated PLFAs, which is consistent with gram-negative bacteria, including cyanobacteria. The central PLFA δ<sup>13</sup>C values were highly depleted (−9.3 to −15.7‰) relative to δ<sup>13</sup>C values of bulk organic matter, suggesting a predominance of photoautotrophy. A heterotrophic signature was also detected via the depleted <i>iso-</i> and <i>anteiso-</i>15:0 lipids (−3.2 to −5.2‰). Based on our carbonate isotopic biosignatures, PLFA, and qPCR measurements, photoautotrophy is enriched in the microbialites of Kelly Lake. This photoautotrophy enrichment is consistent with the microbialites of neighboring Pavilion Lake. This indication of photoautotrophy within Kelly Lake at its deepest depths raises new insights into the limits of measurable carbonate isotopic biosignatures under light and nutrient limitations.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/5/66Kelly LakePavilion Lakemicrobialitesbiosignatures |
| spellingShingle | Richard Allen White Sarah A. Soles Allyson L. Brady Gordon Southam Darlene S.S. Lim Greg F. Slater Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites Life Kelly Lake Pavilion Lake microbialites biosignatures |
| title | Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites |
| title_full | Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites |
| title_fullStr | Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites |
| title_short | Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites |
| title_sort | biosignatures associated with freshwater microbialites |
| topic | Kelly Lake Pavilion Lake microbialites biosignatures |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/5/66 |
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