Linker-Free Magnetite-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic (III)
Linker-free magnetite nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>NPs)-decorated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were grown using a new protocol that can be used as a new platform for synthesis of other intact metal–metal oxide nanocomposites without the need for linkers. This minim...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/883 |
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| author | Mohammed Sedki Guo Zhao Shengcun Ma David Jassby Ashok Mulchandani |
| author_facet | Mohammed Sedki Guo Zhao Shengcun Ma David Jassby Ashok Mulchandani |
| author_sort | Mohammed Sedki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Linker-free magnetite nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>NPs)-decorated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were grown using a new protocol that can be used as a new platform for synthesis of other intact metal–metal oxide nanocomposites without the need for linkers. This minimizes the distance between the metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and ensures the optimum combined effects between the two material interfaces. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au nanocomposite, without any change in the magnetite phase. Characterization, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, revealed the composite to consist of AuNPs of 70 ± 10 nm diameter decorated with tiny 10 ± 3 nm diameter Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>NPs in Au:Fe mass ratio of 5:1. The prepared Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au nanocomposite was embedded in ionic liquid (IL) and applied for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the electrochemical detection of As(III) in water. By combining the excellent catalytic properties of the AuNPs with the high adsorption capacity of the tiny Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>NPs towards As(III), as well as the good conductivity of IL, the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au-IL nanocomposite showed excellent performance in the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry detection of As(III). Under the optimized conditions, a linear range of 1 to 100 μg/L was achieved with a detection limit of 0.22 μg/L (S/N = 3), and no interference from 100-fold higher concentrations of a wide variety of cations and anions found in water. A very low residual standard deviation of 1.16% confirmed the high precision/reproducibility of As(III) analysis and the reliability of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au-IL sensing interface. Finally, this proposed sensing interface was successfully applied to analyzing synthetic river and wastewater samples with a 95–101% recovery, demonstrating excellent accuracy, even in complex synthetic river and wastewater samples containing high concentrations of humic acid without any sample pretreatments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:23:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ced30958e5e4048b781614062a1d450 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:23:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-8ced30958e5e4048b781614062a1d4502023-12-03T15:06:00ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-01-0121388310.3390/s21030883Linker-Free Magnetite-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic (III)Mohammed Sedki0Guo Zhao1Shengcun Ma2David Jassby3Ashok Mulchandani4Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USADepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USALinker-free magnetite nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>NPs)-decorated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were grown using a new protocol that can be used as a new platform for synthesis of other intact metal–metal oxide nanocomposites without the need for linkers. This minimizes the distance between the metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and ensures the optimum combined effects between the two material interfaces. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au nanocomposite, without any change in the magnetite phase. Characterization, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, revealed the composite to consist of AuNPs of 70 ± 10 nm diameter decorated with tiny 10 ± 3 nm diameter Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>NPs in Au:Fe mass ratio of 5:1. The prepared Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au nanocomposite was embedded in ionic liquid (IL) and applied for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the electrochemical detection of As(III) in water. By combining the excellent catalytic properties of the AuNPs with the high adsorption capacity of the tiny Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>NPs towards As(III), as well as the good conductivity of IL, the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au-IL nanocomposite showed excellent performance in the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry detection of As(III). Under the optimized conditions, a linear range of 1 to 100 μg/L was achieved with a detection limit of 0.22 μg/L (S/N = 3), and no interference from 100-fold higher concentrations of a wide variety of cations and anions found in water. A very low residual standard deviation of 1.16% confirmed the high precision/reproducibility of As(III) analysis and the reliability of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au-IL sensing interface. Finally, this proposed sensing interface was successfully applied to analyzing synthetic river and wastewater samples with a 95–101% recovery, demonstrating excellent accuracy, even in complex synthetic river and wastewater samples containing high concentrations of humic acid without any sample pretreatments.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/883arsenic detectionlinker-freegold-magnetic nanoparticlessquare wave anodic stripping voltammetryionic liquid |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed Sedki Guo Zhao Shengcun Ma David Jassby Ashok Mulchandani Linker-Free Magnetite-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic (III) Sensors arsenic detection linker-free gold-magnetic nanoparticles square wave anodic stripping voltammetry ionic liquid |
| title | Linker-Free Magnetite-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic (III) |
| title_full | Linker-Free Magnetite-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic (III) |
| title_fullStr | Linker-Free Magnetite-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic (III) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Linker-Free Magnetite-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic (III) |
| title_short | Linker-Free Magnetite-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic (III) |
| title_sort | linker free magnetite decorated gold nanoparticles fe sub 3 sub o sub 4 sub au synthesis characterization and application for electrochemical detection of arsenic iii |
| topic | arsenic detection linker-free gold-magnetic nanoparticles square wave anodic stripping voltammetry ionic liquid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/883 |
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