A Multi-Component Physiotherapeutic Intervention among Schoolchildren with Myopia: 3D-Based Vision Training Program with Auditory Frequency Entrainment and Electrical Stimulation
Purpose. This study evaluated whether 3D-based vision training (VT) with visual cortex-activated auditory frequency entrainment and bilateral orbital electrical stimulation (ES) could prevent the progression of myopia among schoolchildren. Methods. In this two-stage, randomized, crossover, single-bl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/201 |
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| author | Yu-Kuei Teng Chi-Wu Chang Shin-Da Lee |
| author_facet | Yu-Kuei Teng Chi-Wu Chang Shin-Da Lee |
| author_sort | Yu-Kuei Teng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose. This study evaluated whether 3D-based vision training (VT) with visual cortex-activated auditory frequency entrainment and bilateral orbital electrical stimulation (ES) could prevent the progression of myopia among schoolchildren. Methods. In this two-stage, randomized, crossover, single-blind study, pre- and post-logMAR visual acuity and refractive error from 27 schoolchildren with myopia (≤−0.50 D) were evaluated among four groups: (1) sham control with no VT, frequency following response (FFR), or ES (control group); (2) 3D-based VT only (VT group); (3) VT with FFR generated through visual cortex-activated auditory entrainment (VT-FFR group); and (4) VT with FFR and bilateral orbital ES (VT-FFR-ES group). In stage 1, the intervention was administered for 30 min to all groups using a randomized crossover design. In stage 2, the intervention was administered for 30 min/day, 3 days a week, for 4 weeks to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention. Results. Compared with the pre-test, post-test logMAR visual acuity after a single intervention was not significantly different in control and VT groups, but significantly improved in the VT-FFR (−0.08 ± 0.11) and VT-FFR-ES groups (−0.13 ± 0.14). Compared with the pre-test, post-test refractive error by spherical equivalent in VT-FFR-ES group for the 4-week intervention was significantly (<0.001) improved (0.21 D) compared with the control group (−0.1 D). Conclusions. The multicomponent physiotherapeutic intervention of 3D-based VT with auditory FFR and bilateral orbital ES can inhibit the progression of myopia. This intervention can be used as a noninvasive physiotherapeutic approach to prevent or reduce the severity of myopia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:50:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8cf450d6c9144bc599947f45f732faab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:50:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8cf450d6c9144bc599947f45f732faab2023-11-23T11:09:17ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-12-0112120110.3390/app12010201A Multi-Component Physiotherapeutic Intervention among Schoolchildren with Myopia: 3D-Based Vision Training Program with Auditory Frequency Entrainment and Electrical StimulationYu-Kuei Teng0Chi-Wu Chang1Shin-Da Lee2School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung 406040,TaiwanChung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402367, TaiwanDepartment of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 41354, TaiwanPurpose. This study evaluated whether 3D-based vision training (VT) with visual cortex-activated auditory frequency entrainment and bilateral orbital electrical stimulation (ES) could prevent the progression of myopia among schoolchildren. Methods. In this two-stage, randomized, crossover, single-blind study, pre- and post-logMAR visual acuity and refractive error from 27 schoolchildren with myopia (≤−0.50 D) were evaluated among four groups: (1) sham control with no VT, frequency following response (FFR), or ES (control group); (2) 3D-based VT only (VT group); (3) VT with FFR generated through visual cortex-activated auditory entrainment (VT-FFR group); and (4) VT with FFR and bilateral orbital ES (VT-FFR-ES group). In stage 1, the intervention was administered for 30 min to all groups using a randomized crossover design. In stage 2, the intervention was administered for 30 min/day, 3 days a week, for 4 weeks to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention. Results. Compared with the pre-test, post-test logMAR visual acuity after a single intervention was not significantly different in control and VT groups, but significantly improved in the VT-FFR (−0.08 ± 0.11) and VT-FFR-ES groups (−0.13 ± 0.14). Compared with the pre-test, post-test refractive error by spherical equivalent in VT-FFR-ES group for the 4-week intervention was significantly (<0.001) improved (0.21 D) compared with the control group (−0.1 D). Conclusions. The multicomponent physiotherapeutic intervention of 3D-based VT with auditory FFR and bilateral orbital ES can inhibit the progression of myopia. This intervention can be used as a noninvasive physiotherapeutic approach to prevent or reduce the severity of myopia.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/201binauralchildrenmyopicnear-sightednessvisual entrainment |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Kuei Teng Chi-Wu Chang Shin-Da Lee A Multi-Component Physiotherapeutic Intervention among Schoolchildren with Myopia: 3D-Based Vision Training Program with Auditory Frequency Entrainment and Electrical Stimulation Applied Sciences binaural children myopic near-sightedness visual entrainment |
| title | A Multi-Component Physiotherapeutic Intervention among Schoolchildren with Myopia: 3D-Based Vision Training Program with Auditory Frequency Entrainment and Electrical Stimulation |
| title_full | A Multi-Component Physiotherapeutic Intervention among Schoolchildren with Myopia: 3D-Based Vision Training Program with Auditory Frequency Entrainment and Electrical Stimulation |
| title_fullStr | A Multi-Component Physiotherapeutic Intervention among Schoolchildren with Myopia: 3D-Based Vision Training Program with Auditory Frequency Entrainment and Electrical Stimulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Multi-Component Physiotherapeutic Intervention among Schoolchildren with Myopia: 3D-Based Vision Training Program with Auditory Frequency Entrainment and Electrical Stimulation |
| title_short | A Multi-Component Physiotherapeutic Intervention among Schoolchildren with Myopia: 3D-Based Vision Training Program with Auditory Frequency Entrainment and Electrical Stimulation |
| title_sort | multi component physiotherapeutic intervention among schoolchildren with myopia 3d based vision training program with auditory frequency entrainment and electrical stimulation |
| topic | binaural children myopic near-sightedness visual entrainment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/201 |
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