Exposure to Particles and Gases in a Shopping Mall: Spatial Heterogeneity and Outdoor Infiltration
Shopping malls in Hong Kong are usually located near major roads. Indoor air quality (IAQ) in these buildings is subject to infiltration of outdoor traffic-related pollutants, such as PM10, PM2.5, CO, and NO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, the existence of indoor sources and building geometry...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/10/1313 |
| _version_ | 1797515301397463040 |
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| author | Alison Tan-Yui Li Wen-Wei Che Yu-Shan Song Jimmy Chun-Kung Tong Alexis Kai-Hon Lau |
| author_facet | Alison Tan-Yui Li Wen-Wei Che Yu-Shan Song Jimmy Chun-Kung Tong Alexis Kai-Hon Lau |
| author_sort | Alison Tan-Yui Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Shopping malls in Hong Kong are usually located near major roads. Indoor air quality (IAQ) in these buildings is subject to infiltration of outdoor traffic-related pollutants, such as PM10, PM2.5, CO, and NO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, the existence of indoor sources and building geometry added to the complexity of variations in IAQ. To understand outdoor infiltration and spatial heterogeneity of these pollutants, we conducted fixed and cruise indoor sampling, together with simultaneous outdoor measurements, in a typical mall in Hong Kong. The cruise sampling was conducted indoors on a predesigned route and repeated 15 times. Outdoor infiltration was quantified based on regression analysis between indoor and outdoor sampling. Results showed that 75% of PM2.5, 53% of PM10, and 59% of NO<sub>2</sub> were infiltrated into the mall during opening hours. Elevated PM2.5 and CO were observed during the dinner period, suggesting an impact from cooking. Substantial spatial variations were observed for PM10, PM2.5, and NO<sub>2</sub>, particularly at locations near entrances and restaurants. Measures are needed to reduce pollution intrusion from building openings and cooking-related sources to improve air quality in the selected mall. Fixed and cruise sampling methods used in this study provide insights on sensor deployment for future air quality monitoring in buildings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:43:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8cff99fb8b414cb9b051468c68b73e5a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:43:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-8cff99fb8b414cb9b051468c68b73e5a2023-11-22T17:25:38ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-10-011210131310.3390/atmos12101313Exposure to Particles and Gases in a Shopping Mall: Spatial Heterogeneity and Outdoor InfiltrationAlison Tan-Yui Li0Wen-Wei Che1Yu-Shan Song2Jimmy Chun-Kung Tong3Alexis Kai-Hon Lau4Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, ChinaDivision of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, ChinaDivision of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, ChinaOve Arup & Partners Hong Kong Ltd., Level 5 Festival Walk, 80 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, ChinaDivision of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, ChinaShopping malls in Hong Kong are usually located near major roads. Indoor air quality (IAQ) in these buildings is subject to infiltration of outdoor traffic-related pollutants, such as PM10, PM2.5, CO, and NO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, the existence of indoor sources and building geometry added to the complexity of variations in IAQ. To understand outdoor infiltration and spatial heterogeneity of these pollutants, we conducted fixed and cruise indoor sampling, together with simultaneous outdoor measurements, in a typical mall in Hong Kong. The cruise sampling was conducted indoors on a predesigned route and repeated 15 times. Outdoor infiltration was quantified based on regression analysis between indoor and outdoor sampling. Results showed that 75% of PM2.5, 53% of PM10, and 59% of NO<sub>2</sub> were infiltrated into the mall during opening hours. Elevated PM2.5 and CO were observed during the dinner period, suggesting an impact from cooking. Substantial spatial variations were observed for PM10, PM2.5, and NO<sub>2</sub>, particularly at locations near entrances and restaurants. Measures are needed to reduce pollution intrusion from building openings and cooking-related sources to improve air quality in the selected mall. Fixed and cruise sampling methods used in this study provide insights on sensor deployment for future air quality monitoring in buildings.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/10/1313indoor air qualityspatial variationoutdoor infiltrationPMgasessenor deployment |
| spellingShingle | Alison Tan-Yui Li Wen-Wei Che Yu-Shan Song Jimmy Chun-Kung Tong Alexis Kai-Hon Lau Exposure to Particles and Gases in a Shopping Mall: Spatial Heterogeneity and Outdoor Infiltration Atmosphere indoor air quality spatial variation outdoor infiltration PM gases senor deployment |
| title | Exposure to Particles and Gases in a Shopping Mall: Spatial Heterogeneity and Outdoor Infiltration |
| title_full | Exposure to Particles and Gases in a Shopping Mall: Spatial Heterogeneity and Outdoor Infiltration |
| title_fullStr | Exposure to Particles and Gases in a Shopping Mall: Spatial Heterogeneity and Outdoor Infiltration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exposure to Particles and Gases in a Shopping Mall: Spatial Heterogeneity and Outdoor Infiltration |
| title_short | Exposure to Particles and Gases in a Shopping Mall: Spatial Heterogeneity and Outdoor Infiltration |
| title_sort | exposure to particles and gases in a shopping mall spatial heterogeneity and outdoor infiltration |
| topic | indoor air quality spatial variation outdoor infiltration PM gases senor deployment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/10/1313 |
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