The Evolution of Catalysis for Alkyd Coatings: Responding to Impending Cobalt Reclassification with Very Active Iron and Manganese Catalysts, Using Polydentate Nitrogen Donor Ligands
Autoxidation processes to achieve curing of alkyd resins in paints, inks, and coatings are ubiquitous in many applications. Cobalt soaps have been employed for these applications for many decades and most of the paint and ink alkyd resin formulations have been optimized to achieve optimal benefits o...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/9/10/825 |
| _version_ | 1798044053377384448 |
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| author | Neil Simpson Karin Maaijen Yfranka Roelofsen Ronald Hage |
| author_facet | Neil Simpson Karin Maaijen Yfranka Roelofsen Ronald Hage |
| author_sort | Neil Simpson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autoxidation processes to achieve curing of alkyd resins in paints, inks, and coatings are ubiquitous in many applications. Cobalt soaps have been employed for these applications for many decades and most of the paint and ink alkyd resin formulations have been optimized to achieve optimal benefits of the cobalt soaps. However, cobalt soaps are under increased scrutiny because of likely reclassification as carcinogenic under REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restrictions of Chemicals) legislation in Europe. This is critical, since such coatings are available for regular human contact. Alternative manganese- and iron-based siccatives have been developed to address this need for over a decade. They often show very high curing activity depending on the organic ligands bound to the metal centers. Recently, new classes of catalysts and modes of application have been published or patented to create safe paints, whilst delivering performance benefits via their unique reaction mechanisms. Besides the use of well-defined, preformed catalysts, paint formulations have also been developed with mixtures of metal soaps and ligands that form active species in-situ. The change from Co-soaps to Mn- and Fe-based siccatives meant that important coating issues related to radical-based curing, such as skinning, had to be rethought. In this paper we will review the new catalyst technologies and their performance and modes of action, as well as new compounds developed to provide anti-skinning benefits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:57:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8d039520ddc342b3b7e28f2d28cb1c91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:57:30Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d039520ddc342b3b7e28f2d28cb1c912022-12-22T03:58:22ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442019-10-0191082510.3390/catal9100825catal9100825The Evolution of Catalysis for Alkyd Coatings: Responding to Impending Cobalt Reclassification with Very Active Iron and Manganese Catalysts, Using Polydentate Nitrogen Donor LigandsNeil Simpson0Karin Maaijen1Yfranka Roelofsen2Ronald Hage3Borchers, Berghausener Strasse 100, 40764 Langenfeld, GermanyCatexel B.V., Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The NetherlandsCatexel B.V., Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The NetherlandsCatexel B.V., Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The NetherlandsAutoxidation processes to achieve curing of alkyd resins in paints, inks, and coatings are ubiquitous in many applications. Cobalt soaps have been employed for these applications for many decades and most of the paint and ink alkyd resin formulations have been optimized to achieve optimal benefits of the cobalt soaps. However, cobalt soaps are under increased scrutiny because of likely reclassification as carcinogenic under REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restrictions of Chemicals) legislation in Europe. This is critical, since such coatings are available for regular human contact. Alternative manganese- and iron-based siccatives have been developed to address this need for over a decade. They often show very high curing activity depending on the organic ligands bound to the metal centers. Recently, new classes of catalysts and modes of application have been published or patented to create safe paints, whilst delivering performance benefits via their unique reaction mechanisms. Besides the use of well-defined, preformed catalysts, paint formulations have also been developed with mixtures of metal soaps and ligands that form active species in-situ. The change from Co-soaps to Mn- and Fe-based siccatives meant that important coating issues related to radical-based curing, such as skinning, had to be rethought. In this paper we will review the new catalyst technologies and their performance and modes of action, as well as new compounds developed to provide anti-skinning benefits.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/9/10/825cobalt carboxylatecoatingautoxidationalkydsiccativepolymerizationironmanganese |
| spellingShingle | Neil Simpson Karin Maaijen Yfranka Roelofsen Ronald Hage The Evolution of Catalysis for Alkyd Coatings: Responding to Impending Cobalt Reclassification with Very Active Iron and Manganese Catalysts, Using Polydentate Nitrogen Donor Ligands Catalysts cobalt carboxylate coating autoxidation alkyd siccative polymerization iron manganese |
| title | The Evolution of Catalysis for Alkyd Coatings: Responding to Impending Cobalt Reclassification with Very Active Iron and Manganese Catalysts, Using Polydentate Nitrogen Donor Ligands |
| title_full | The Evolution of Catalysis for Alkyd Coatings: Responding to Impending Cobalt Reclassification with Very Active Iron and Manganese Catalysts, Using Polydentate Nitrogen Donor Ligands |
| title_fullStr | The Evolution of Catalysis for Alkyd Coatings: Responding to Impending Cobalt Reclassification with Very Active Iron and Manganese Catalysts, Using Polydentate Nitrogen Donor Ligands |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Evolution of Catalysis for Alkyd Coatings: Responding to Impending Cobalt Reclassification with Very Active Iron and Manganese Catalysts, Using Polydentate Nitrogen Donor Ligands |
| title_short | The Evolution of Catalysis for Alkyd Coatings: Responding to Impending Cobalt Reclassification with Very Active Iron and Manganese Catalysts, Using Polydentate Nitrogen Donor Ligands |
| title_sort | evolution of catalysis for alkyd coatings responding to impending cobalt reclassification with very active iron and manganese catalysts using polydentate nitrogen donor ligands |
| topic | cobalt carboxylate coating autoxidation alkyd siccative polymerization iron manganese |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/9/10/825 |
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