Creating Digital Watermarks in Bitmap Images Using Lagrange Interpolation and Bezier Curves
The article is devoted to the introduction of digital watermarks, which formthe basis for copyright protection systems. Methods in this area are aimed at embedding hidden markers that are resistant to various container transformations. This paper proposes a method for embedding a digital watermark i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Imaging |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/10/206 |
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| author | Aigerim Yerimbetova Elmira Daiyrbayeva Ekaterina Merzlyakova Andrey Fionov Nazerke Baisholan Mussa Turdalyuly Nurzhan Mukazhanov Almas Turganbayev |
| author_facet | Aigerim Yerimbetova Elmira Daiyrbayeva Ekaterina Merzlyakova Andrey Fionov Nazerke Baisholan Mussa Turdalyuly Nurzhan Mukazhanov Almas Turganbayev |
| author_sort | Aigerim Yerimbetova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The article is devoted to the introduction of digital watermarks, which formthe basis for copyright protection systems. Methods in this area are aimed at embedding hidden markers that are resistant to various container transformations. This paper proposes a method for embedding a digital watermark into bitmap images using Lagrange interpolation and the Bezier curve formula for five points, called Lagrange interpolation along the Bezier curve 5 (LIBC5). As a means of steganalysis, the RS method was used, which uses a sensitive method of double statistics obtained on the basis of spatial correlations in images. The output value of the RS analysis is the estimated length of the message in the image under study. The stability of the developed LIBC5 method to the detection of message transmission by the RS method has been experimentally determined. The developed method proved to be resistant to RS analysis. A study of the LIBC5 method showed an improvement in quilting resistance compared to that of the INMI image embedding method, which also uses Lagrange interpolation. Thus, the LIBC5 stegosystem can be successfully used to protect confidential data and copyrights. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:08:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8d03fcc73c974742972e98ff5cf5b3d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-433X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:08:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Imaging |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d03fcc73c974742972e98ff5cf5b3d22023-11-19T16:56:17ZengMDPI AGJournal of Imaging2313-433X2023-09-0191020610.3390/jimaging9100206Creating Digital Watermarks in Bitmap Images Using Lagrange Interpolation and Bezier CurvesAigerim Yerimbetova0Elmira Daiyrbayeva1Ekaterina Merzlyakova2Andrey Fionov3Nazerke Baisholan4Mussa Turdalyuly5Nurzhan Mukazhanov6Almas Turganbayev7Institute of Information and Computational Technologies, Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050010, KazakhstanInstitute of Information and Computational Technologies, Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050010, KazakhstanDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Cybernetics, Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Information Sciences, Novosibirsk 630102, RussiaDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Cybernetics, Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Information Sciences, Novosibirsk 630102, RussiaDepartment of Information Systems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050023, KazakhstanInstitute of Automation and Information Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, KazakhstanInstitute of Automation and Information Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, KazakhstanInstitute of Information and Computational Technologies, Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050010, KazakhstanThe article is devoted to the introduction of digital watermarks, which formthe basis for copyright protection systems. Methods in this area are aimed at embedding hidden markers that are resistant to various container transformations. This paper proposes a method for embedding a digital watermark into bitmap images using Lagrange interpolation and the Bezier curve formula for five points, called Lagrange interpolation along the Bezier curve 5 (LIBC5). As a means of steganalysis, the RS method was used, which uses a sensitive method of double statistics obtained on the basis of spatial correlations in images. The output value of the RS analysis is the estimated length of the message in the image under study. The stability of the developed LIBC5 method to the detection of message transmission by the RS method has been experimentally determined. The developed method proved to be resistant to RS analysis. A study of the LIBC5 method showed an improvement in quilting resistance compared to that of the INMI image embedding method, which also uses Lagrange interpolation. Thus, the LIBC5 stegosystem can be successfully used to protect confidential data and copyrights.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/10/206steganographydigital watermarkBezier curvesecret messageinterpolationsteganalysis |
| spellingShingle | Aigerim Yerimbetova Elmira Daiyrbayeva Ekaterina Merzlyakova Andrey Fionov Nazerke Baisholan Mussa Turdalyuly Nurzhan Mukazhanov Almas Turganbayev Creating Digital Watermarks in Bitmap Images Using Lagrange Interpolation and Bezier Curves Journal of Imaging steganography digital watermark Bezier curve secret message interpolation steganalysis |
| title | Creating Digital Watermarks in Bitmap Images Using Lagrange Interpolation and Bezier Curves |
| title_full | Creating Digital Watermarks in Bitmap Images Using Lagrange Interpolation and Bezier Curves |
| title_fullStr | Creating Digital Watermarks in Bitmap Images Using Lagrange Interpolation and Bezier Curves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Creating Digital Watermarks in Bitmap Images Using Lagrange Interpolation and Bezier Curves |
| title_short | Creating Digital Watermarks in Bitmap Images Using Lagrange Interpolation and Bezier Curves |
| title_sort | creating digital watermarks in bitmap images using lagrange interpolation and bezier curves |
| topic | steganography digital watermark Bezier curve secret message interpolation steganalysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/10/206 |
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