Molecular regulations of circadian rhythm and implications for physiology and diseases
Abstract The term “circadian rhythms” describes endogenous oscillations with ca. 24-h period associated with the earth’s daily rotation and light/dark cycle. Such rhythms reflect the existence of an intrinsic circadian clock that temporally orchestrates physiological processes to adapt the internal...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Publishing Group
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-00899-y |
| _version_ | 1831705495114612736 |
|---|---|
| author | Francesca Fagiani Daniele Di Marino Alice Romagnoli Cristina Travelli Davide Voltan Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli Marco Racchi Stefano Govoni Cristina Lanni |
| author_facet | Francesca Fagiani Daniele Di Marino Alice Romagnoli Cristina Travelli Davide Voltan Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli Marco Racchi Stefano Govoni Cristina Lanni |
| author_sort | Francesca Fagiani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The term “circadian rhythms” describes endogenous oscillations with ca. 24-h period associated with the earth’s daily rotation and light/dark cycle. Such rhythms reflect the existence of an intrinsic circadian clock that temporally orchestrates physiological processes to adapt the internal environment with the external cues. At the molecular level, the circadian clock consists of multiple sets of transcription factors resulting in autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loops. Notably, in addition to their primary role as generator of circadian rhythm, the biological clock plays a key role in controlling physiological functions of almost all tissues and organs. It regulates several intracellular signaling pathways, ranging from cell proliferation, DNA damage repair and response, angiogenesis, metabolic and redox homeostasis, to inflammatory and immune response. In this review, we summarize findings showing the crosstalk between the circadian molecular clock and some key intracellular pathways, describing a scenario wherein their reciprocal regulation impinges upon several aspects of mammalian physiology. Moreover, based on evidence indicating that circadian rhythms can be challenged by environmental factors, social behaviors, as well as pre-existing pathological conditions, we discuss implications of circadian misalignment in human pathologies, such as cancer and inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, disruption of circadian rhythm has been reported to affect several physiological processes that are relevant to human diseases. Expanding our understanding of this field represents an intriguing and transversal medicine challenge in order to establish a circadian precision medicine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T16:21:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8d1bd25995a6444e8c9d2364bdcf1d27 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2059-3635 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T16:21:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d1bd25995a6444e8c9d2364bdcf1d272022-12-21T19:33:37ZengNature Publishing GroupSignal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2059-36352022-02-017112010.1038/s41392-022-00899-yMolecular regulations of circadian rhythm and implications for physiology and diseasesFrancesca Fagiani0Daniele Di Marino1Alice Romagnoli2Cristina Travelli3Davide Voltan4Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli5Marco Racchi6Stefano Govoni7Cristina Lanni8Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of PaviaDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce BiancheDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce BiancheDepartment of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of PaviaDepartment of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of PaviaNEUROFARBA Department, University of FlorenceDepartment of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of PaviaDepartment of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of PaviaDepartment of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of PaviaAbstract The term “circadian rhythms” describes endogenous oscillations with ca. 24-h period associated with the earth’s daily rotation and light/dark cycle. Such rhythms reflect the existence of an intrinsic circadian clock that temporally orchestrates physiological processes to adapt the internal environment with the external cues. At the molecular level, the circadian clock consists of multiple sets of transcription factors resulting in autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loops. Notably, in addition to their primary role as generator of circadian rhythm, the biological clock plays a key role in controlling physiological functions of almost all tissues and organs. It regulates several intracellular signaling pathways, ranging from cell proliferation, DNA damage repair and response, angiogenesis, metabolic and redox homeostasis, to inflammatory and immune response. In this review, we summarize findings showing the crosstalk between the circadian molecular clock and some key intracellular pathways, describing a scenario wherein their reciprocal regulation impinges upon several aspects of mammalian physiology. Moreover, based on evidence indicating that circadian rhythms can be challenged by environmental factors, social behaviors, as well as pre-existing pathological conditions, we discuss implications of circadian misalignment in human pathologies, such as cancer and inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, disruption of circadian rhythm has been reported to affect several physiological processes that are relevant to human diseases. Expanding our understanding of this field represents an intriguing and transversal medicine challenge in order to establish a circadian precision medicine.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-00899-y |
| spellingShingle | Francesca Fagiani Daniele Di Marino Alice Romagnoli Cristina Travelli Davide Voltan Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli Marco Racchi Stefano Govoni Cristina Lanni Molecular regulations of circadian rhythm and implications for physiology and diseases Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| title | Molecular regulations of circadian rhythm and implications for physiology and diseases |
| title_full | Molecular regulations of circadian rhythm and implications for physiology and diseases |
| title_fullStr | Molecular regulations of circadian rhythm and implications for physiology and diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular regulations of circadian rhythm and implications for physiology and diseases |
| title_short | Molecular regulations of circadian rhythm and implications for physiology and diseases |
| title_sort | molecular regulations of circadian rhythm and implications for physiology and diseases |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-00899-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT francescafagiani molecularregulationsofcircadianrhythmandimplicationsforphysiologyanddiseases AT danieledimarino molecularregulationsofcircadianrhythmandimplicationsforphysiologyanddiseases AT aliceromagnoli molecularregulationsofcircadianrhythmandimplicationsforphysiologyanddiseases AT cristinatravelli molecularregulationsofcircadianrhythmandimplicationsforphysiologyanddiseases AT davidevoltan molecularregulationsofcircadianrhythmandimplicationsforphysiologyanddiseases AT lorenzodicesaremannelli molecularregulationsofcircadianrhythmandimplicationsforphysiologyanddiseases AT marcoracchi molecularregulationsofcircadianrhythmandimplicationsforphysiologyanddiseases AT stefanogovoni molecularregulationsofcircadianrhythmandimplicationsforphysiologyanddiseases AT cristinalanni molecularregulationsofcircadianrhythmandimplicationsforphysiologyanddiseases |