Current Concepts and Unresolved Questions in Dietary Protein Requirements and Supplements in Adults
Protein needs for otherwise healthy individuals older than 19 years are defined by the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) at 0.80 g protein/kg/day. There is no recommendation in the current RDA for subpopulations of older adults or people in various pathological situations. Despite the lack of a se...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnut.2017.00013/full |
| _version_ | 1811212417471873024 |
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| author | Stuart M. Phillips |
| author_facet | Stuart M. Phillips |
| author_sort | Stuart M. Phillips |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Protein needs for otherwise healthy individuals older than 19 years are defined by the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) at 0.80 g protein/kg/day. There is no recommendation in the current RDA for subpopulations of older adults or people in various pathological situations. Despite the lack of a separate recommendation, there exists a growing body of evidence that is strongly suggestive of an increased need and/or benefit for protein in older persons. That is, intakes beyond the RDA are, in older persons, associated with benefits. In addition, a number of catabolic states including critical illness also result in a sharp elevation in the needs for protein and amino acids. An underappreciated issue in protein nutrition is the impact of protein quality on clinically relevant outcomes. The introduction of a new protein scoring system—the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS)—for protein quality has raised a forgotten awareness of protein quality. The DIAAS, which replaces the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), is based on ileal digestibility of protein and a different test protein than PDCAAS and has values greater than 1.0. The aim of this article is a brief review and summary recommendations for protein nutrition and protein requirements in populations who would benefit from more protein than the RDA. The emphasis of the review is on muscle protein turnover, and there is a discussion of the impact of protein quality, particularly as it applies to commercially available protein sources. The evidence for more optimal protein intakes is considered in light of the potential health risks of consumption of protein at levels greater than the RDA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:29:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8d1f86de3ce7430baab3b680b1eb3ad1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:29:03Z |
| publishDate | 2017-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d1f86de3ce7430baab3b680b1eb3ad12022-12-22T03:46:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2017-05-01410.3389/fnut.2017.00013253663Current Concepts and Unresolved Questions in Dietary Protein Requirements and Supplements in AdultsStuart M. Phillips0McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaProtein needs for otherwise healthy individuals older than 19 years are defined by the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) at 0.80 g protein/kg/day. There is no recommendation in the current RDA for subpopulations of older adults or people in various pathological situations. Despite the lack of a separate recommendation, there exists a growing body of evidence that is strongly suggestive of an increased need and/or benefit for protein in older persons. That is, intakes beyond the RDA are, in older persons, associated with benefits. In addition, a number of catabolic states including critical illness also result in a sharp elevation in the needs for protein and amino acids. An underappreciated issue in protein nutrition is the impact of protein quality on clinically relevant outcomes. The introduction of a new protein scoring system—the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS)—for protein quality has raised a forgotten awareness of protein quality. The DIAAS, which replaces the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), is based on ileal digestibility of protein and a different test protein than PDCAAS and has values greater than 1.0. The aim of this article is a brief review and summary recommendations for protein nutrition and protein requirements in populations who would benefit from more protein than the RDA. The emphasis of the review is on muscle protein turnover, and there is a discussion of the impact of protein quality, particularly as it applies to commercially available protein sources. The evidence for more optimal protein intakes is considered in light of the potential health risks of consumption of protein at levels greater than the RDA.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnut.2017.00013/fullsarcopeniacritical illnesschronic illnesslean body massleucinecreatine |
| spellingShingle | Stuart M. Phillips Current Concepts and Unresolved Questions in Dietary Protein Requirements and Supplements in Adults Frontiers in Nutrition sarcopenia critical illness chronic illness lean body mass leucine creatine |
| title | Current Concepts and Unresolved Questions in Dietary Protein Requirements and Supplements in Adults |
| title_full | Current Concepts and Unresolved Questions in Dietary Protein Requirements and Supplements in Adults |
| title_fullStr | Current Concepts and Unresolved Questions in Dietary Protein Requirements and Supplements in Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current Concepts and Unresolved Questions in Dietary Protein Requirements and Supplements in Adults |
| title_short | Current Concepts and Unresolved Questions in Dietary Protein Requirements and Supplements in Adults |
| title_sort | current concepts and unresolved questions in dietary protein requirements and supplements in adults |
| topic | sarcopenia critical illness chronic illness lean body mass leucine creatine |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnut.2017.00013/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stuartmphillips currentconceptsandunresolvedquestionsindietaryproteinrequirementsandsupplementsinadults |