<i>Myxovirus resistance</i> (<i>Mx</i>) Gene Diversity in Avian Influenza Virus Infections
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose threats to animal and human health. Outbreaks from the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in indigenous chickens in Bangladesh are infrequent. This could be attributed to the <i>Myxovirus</i> resistance (<i>Mx</i>) gene. To det...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| author | Jahangir Alam Md. Mostafizer Rahman Joyanta Halder Md. Rezuanul Islam Nandini Sarkar Ishrat Jabeen Mridha Md. Kamal Hossain Rubaya Rubaya Md. Abdul Alim Anjuman Ara Bhuyan Nusrat Jahan Md. Masudur Rahman Hossam M. Ashour |
| author_facet | Jahangir Alam Md. Mostafizer Rahman Joyanta Halder Md. Rezuanul Islam Nandini Sarkar Ishrat Jabeen Mridha Md. Kamal Hossain Rubaya Rubaya Md. Abdul Alim Anjuman Ara Bhuyan Nusrat Jahan Md. Masudur Rahman Hossam M. Ashour |
| author_sort | Jahangir Alam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose threats to animal and human health. Outbreaks from the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in indigenous chickens in Bangladesh are infrequent. This could be attributed to the <i>Myxovirus</i> resistance (<i>Mx</i>) gene. To determine the impact of <i>Mx</i> gene diversity on AIV infections in chicken, we assessed the <i>Mx</i> genes, AIVs, and anti-AIV antibodies. DNA from blood cells, serum, and cloacal swab samples was isolated from non-vaccinated indigenous chickens and vaccinated commercial chickens. Possible relationships were assessed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure. Three genotypes of the <i>Mx</i> gene were detected (the resistant AA type, the sensitive GG type, and the heterozygous AG type). The AA genotype (0.48) was more prevalent than the GG (0.19) and the AG (0.33) genotypes. The AA genotype was more prevalent in indigenous than in commercial chickens. A total of 17 hemagglutinating viruses were isolated from the 512 swab samples. AIVs were detected in two samples (2/512; 0.39%) and subtyped as H1N1, whereas Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was detected in the remaining samples. The viral infections did not lead to apparent symptoms. Anti-AIV antibodies were detected in 44.92% of the samples with levels ranging from 27.37% to 67.65% in indigenous chickens and from 26% to 87.5% in commercial chickens. The anti-AIV antibody was detected in 40.16%, 65.98%, and 39.77% of chickens with resistant, sensitive, and heterozygous genotypes, respectively. The genotypes showed significant association (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with the anti-AIV antibodies. The low AIV isolation rates and high antibody prevalence rates could indicate seroconversion resulting from exposure to the virus as it circulates. Results indicate that the resistant genotype of the <i>Mx</i> gene might not offer anti-AIV protection for chickens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:15:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8d27f1d698964accbe9fdd2636026d17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:15:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d27f1d698964accbe9fdd2636026d172023-11-24T03:49:34ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-10-011011271710.3390/biomedicines10112717<i>Myxovirus resistance</i> (<i>Mx</i>) Gene Diversity in Avian Influenza Virus InfectionsJahangir Alam0Md. Mostafizer Rahman1Joyanta Halder2Md. Rezuanul Islam3Nandini Sarkar4Ishrat Jabeen5Mridha Md. Kamal Hossain6Rubaya Rubaya7Md. Abdul Alim8Anjuman Ara Bhuyan9Nusrat Jahan10Md. Masudur Rahman11Hossam M. Ashour12Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka 1349, BangladeshDepartment of Microbiology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Dhaka 1344, BangladeshAnimal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka 1349, BangladeshDepartment of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, BangladeshAnimal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka 1349, BangladeshDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka 1229, BangladeshAnimal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka 1349, BangladeshAnimal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka 1349, BangladeshAnimal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka 1349, BangladeshAnimal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka 1349, BangladeshAnimal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka 1349, BangladeshDepartment of Pathology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, BangladeshDepartment of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USAAvian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose threats to animal and human health. Outbreaks from the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in indigenous chickens in Bangladesh are infrequent. This could be attributed to the <i>Myxovirus</i> resistance (<i>Mx</i>) gene. To determine the impact of <i>Mx</i> gene diversity on AIV infections in chicken, we assessed the <i>Mx</i> genes, AIVs, and anti-AIV antibodies. DNA from blood cells, serum, and cloacal swab samples was isolated from non-vaccinated indigenous chickens and vaccinated commercial chickens. Possible relationships were assessed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure. Three genotypes of the <i>Mx</i> gene were detected (the resistant AA type, the sensitive GG type, and the heterozygous AG type). The AA genotype (0.48) was more prevalent than the GG (0.19) and the AG (0.33) genotypes. The AA genotype was more prevalent in indigenous than in commercial chickens. A total of 17 hemagglutinating viruses were isolated from the 512 swab samples. AIVs were detected in two samples (2/512; 0.39%) and subtyped as H1N1, whereas Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was detected in the remaining samples. The viral infections did not lead to apparent symptoms. Anti-AIV antibodies were detected in 44.92% of the samples with levels ranging from 27.37% to 67.65% in indigenous chickens and from 26% to 87.5% in commercial chickens. The anti-AIV antibody was detected in 40.16%, 65.98%, and 39.77% of chickens with resistant, sensitive, and heterozygous genotypes, respectively. The genotypes showed significant association (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with the anti-AIV antibodies. The low AIV isolation rates and high antibody prevalence rates could indicate seroconversion resulting from exposure to the virus as it circulates. Results indicate that the resistant genotype of the <i>Mx</i> gene might not offer anti-AIV protection for chickens.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/11/2717<i>Myxovirus</i> resistance<i>Mx</i> gene diversityavian influenzaanti-AIVAIV infections |
| spellingShingle | Jahangir Alam Md. Mostafizer Rahman Joyanta Halder Md. Rezuanul Islam Nandini Sarkar Ishrat Jabeen Mridha Md. Kamal Hossain Rubaya Rubaya Md. Abdul Alim Anjuman Ara Bhuyan Nusrat Jahan Md. Masudur Rahman Hossam M. Ashour <i>Myxovirus resistance</i> (<i>Mx</i>) Gene Diversity in Avian Influenza Virus Infections Biomedicines <i>Myxovirus</i> resistance <i>Mx</i> gene diversity avian influenza anti-AIV AIV infections |
| title | <i>Myxovirus resistance</i> (<i>Mx</i>) Gene Diversity in Avian Influenza Virus Infections |
| title_full | <i>Myxovirus resistance</i> (<i>Mx</i>) Gene Diversity in Avian Influenza Virus Infections |
| title_fullStr | <i>Myxovirus resistance</i> (<i>Mx</i>) Gene Diversity in Avian Influenza Virus Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Myxovirus resistance</i> (<i>Mx</i>) Gene Diversity in Avian Influenza Virus Infections |
| title_short | <i>Myxovirus resistance</i> (<i>Mx</i>) Gene Diversity in Avian Influenza Virus Infections |
| title_sort | i myxovirus resistance i i mx i gene diversity in avian influenza virus infections |
| topic | <i>Myxovirus</i> resistance <i>Mx</i> gene diversity avian influenza anti-AIV AIV infections |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/11/2717 |
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