Patterns of Copper Bioaccumulation and Translocation in Grapevine Grafts Depending on Rootstocks
The long-term use of copper (Cu) fungicides in viticulture in Europe has led to Cu accumulation in vineyard top soils. However, less is known about the accumulation of Cu in grapevine grafts after the callusing process/before planting in the nursery. This paper presents the capacity of 5BB and SO4 r...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/9/1768 |
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| author | Stanko Vršič Mojca Gumzej Mario Lešnik Andrej Perko Borut Pulko |
| author_facet | Stanko Vršič Mojca Gumzej Mario Lešnik Andrej Perko Borut Pulko |
| author_sort | Stanko Vršič |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The long-term use of copper (Cu) fungicides in viticulture in Europe has led to Cu accumulation in vineyard top soils. However, less is known about the accumulation of Cu in grapevine grafts after the callusing process/before planting in the nursery. This paper presents the capacity of 5BB and SO4 rootstocks to accumulate Cu, as well as the patterns of translocation in the grafts. After heat forcing (callusing), the grapevine grafts of Sauvignon Blanc on 5BB and SO4 rootstocks were grown in pots for six months in a glasshouse and exposed to various Cu formulations (Cu-oxychloride, Cu-gluconate) and concentrations in peat (50, 150, 500, and 1000 mg Cu of dry weight (DW)). In addition to monitoring the shoot growth dynamics and analyzing the copper content in graft organs, bioaccumulation (BAFs) and translocation factors (TFs) of Cu were calculated. The mean Cu concentrations were ranked as follows: roots (15–164) > rootstock trunks (8–38) > canes (5–21) mg kg<sup>−1</sup> DW. The Cu concentrations depended on the Cu formulation and concentration in the substrate. Higher Cu content was found in the roots of both rootstocks (5BB and SO4, 23–155 and 15–164 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> DW, respectively) and the lowest in the canes (less than 10 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> DW) of grafts grown in Cu-oxychloride-treated peat. Based on the BAFs and TFs, both rootstocks could be considered as Cu exclusive. A higher translocation rate was determined in systemic Cu-gluconate and SO4 rootstock. With shoot length measurements, the significant inhibitory effects of Cu on grapevine grafts growth could not be confirmed, despite the inhibitory effects that were clearly expressed in the first two months of growth. Soils containing more than 500 mg Cu/kg<sup>−1</sup> are less suitable for growing vine grafts. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:09:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-8d34e573a5704b1e9df947c5467821632023-11-19T09:07:02ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722023-09-01139176810.3390/agriculture13091768Patterns of Copper Bioaccumulation and Translocation in Grapevine Grafts Depending on RootstocksStanko Vršič0Mojca Gumzej1Mario Lešnik2Andrej Perko3Borut Pulko4University Centre of Viticulture and Enology Meranovo, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, SloveniaUniversity Centre of Viticulture and Enology Meranovo, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, SloveniaDepartment of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, SloveniaUniversity Centre of Viticulture and Enology Meranovo, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, SloveniaUniversity Centre of Viticulture and Enology Meranovo, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, SloveniaThe long-term use of copper (Cu) fungicides in viticulture in Europe has led to Cu accumulation in vineyard top soils. However, less is known about the accumulation of Cu in grapevine grafts after the callusing process/before planting in the nursery. This paper presents the capacity of 5BB and SO4 rootstocks to accumulate Cu, as well as the patterns of translocation in the grafts. After heat forcing (callusing), the grapevine grafts of Sauvignon Blanc on 5BB and SO4 rootstocks were grown in pots for six months in a glasshouse and exposed to various Cu formulations (Cu-oxychloride, Cu-gluconate) and concentrations in peat (50, 150, 500, and 1000 mg Cu of dry weight (DW)). In addition to monitoring the shoot growth dynamics and analyzing the copper content in graft organs, bioaccumulation (BAFs) and translocation factors (TFs) of Cu were calculated. The mean Cu concentrations were ranked as follows: roots (15–164) > rootstock trunks (8–38) > canes (5–21) mg kg<sup>−1</sup> DW. The Cu concentrations depended on the Cu formulation and concentration in the substrate. Higher Cu content was found in the roots of both rootstocks (5BB and SO4, 23–155 and 15–164 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> DW, respectively) and the lowest in the canes (less than 10 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> DW) of grafts grown in Cu-oxychloride-treated peat. Based on the BAFs and TFs, both rootstocks could be considered as Cu exclusive. A higher translocation rate was determined in systemic Cu-gluconate and SO4 rootstock. With shoot length measurements, the significant inhibitory effects of Cu on grapevine grafts growth could not be confirmed, despite the inhibitory effects that were clearly expressed in the first two months of growth. Soils containing more than 500 mg Cu/kg<sup>−1</sup> are less suitable for growing vine grafts.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/9/1768grapevine graftscopper accumulationCu-oxychlorideCu-gluconate5BB and SO4 rootstocks |
| spellingShingle | Stanko Vršič Mojca Gumzej Mario Lešnik Andrej Perko Borut Pulko Patterns of Copper Bioaccumulation and Translocation in Grapevine Grafts Depending on Rootstocks Agriculture grapevine grafts copper accumulation Cu-oxychloride Cu-gluconate 5BB and SO4 rootstocks |
| title | Patterns of Copper Bioaccumulation and Translocation in Grapevine Grafts Depending on Rootstocks |
| title_full | Patterns of Copper Bioaccumulation and Translocation in Grapevine Grafts Depending on Rootstocks |
| title_fullStr | Patterns of Copper Bioaccumulation and Translocation in Grapevine Grafts Depending on Rootstocks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patterns of Copper Bioaccumulation and Translocation in Grapevine Grafts Depending on Rootstocks |
| title_short | Patterns of Copper Bioaccumulation and Translocation in Grapevine Grafts Depending on Rootstocks |
| title_sort | patterns of copper bioaccumulation and translocation in grapevine grafts depending on rootstocks |
| topic | grapevine grafts copper accumulation Cu-oxychloride Cu-gluconate 5BB and SO4 rootstocks |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/9/1768 |
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