Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in Stochiometric Propane–Hydrogen–Air Mixtures
Hydrocarbon–hydrogen blends are often considered as perspective environmentally friendly fuels for power plants, piston engines, heating appliances, home stoves, etc. However, the addition of hydrogen to a hydrocarbon fuel poses a potential risk of accidental explosion due to the high reactivity of...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Fuels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3994/3/4/40 |
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| author | Igor O. Shamshin Maxim V. Kazachenko Sergey M. Frolov Valentin Y. Basevich |
| author_facet | Igor O. Shamshin Maxim V. Kazachenko Sergey M. Frolov Valentin Y. Basevich |
| author_sort | Igor O. Shamshin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrocarbon–hydrogen blends are often considered as perspective environmentally friendly fuels for power plants, piston engines, heating appliances, home stoves, etc. However, the addition of hydrogen to a hydrocarbon fuel poses a potential risk of accidental explosion due to the high reactivity of hydrogen. In this manuscript, the detonability of stoichiometric C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>–air mixtures is studied experimentally in terms of the run-up time and distance of deflagration to detonation transition (DDT). The hydrogen volume fraction in the mixtures varied from 0 to 1. Three different configurations of detonation tubes were used to ensure the DDT in the mixtures of the various compositions. The measured dependences of the DDT run-up time and distance on the hydrogen volume fraction were found to be nonlinear and, in some cases, nonmonotonic with local maxima. Blended fuel detonability is shown to increase sharply only at a relatively large hydrogen volume fraction (above 70%), i.e., the addition of hydrogen to propane in amounts less than 70% vol. does not affect the detonability of the blended fuel significantly. The observed nonlinear/nonmonotonic dependences are shown to be the manifestation of the physicochemical properties of hydrogen-containing mixtures. An increase in the hydrogen volume fraction is accompanied by effects leading to both an increase and a decrease in mixture sensitivity to the DDT. Thus, on the one hand, the increase in the hydrogen volume fraction increases the mixture sensitivity to DDT due to an increase in the laminar flame velocity and a decrease in the self-ignition delay at isotherms above 1000 K and pressures relevant to DDT. On the other hand, the mixture sensitivity to DDT decreases due to the increase in the speed of sound in the hydrogen-containing mixture, thus leading to a decrease in the Mach number of the lead shock wave propagating ahead of the flame, and to a corresponding increase in the self-ignition delay. Moreover, for C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>–air mixtures at isotherms below 1000 K and pressures relevant to DDT, the self-ignition delay increases with hydrogen volume fraction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:34:26Z |
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| id | doaj.art-8d43dc66ef7742cd9000c4be3c8e45e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-3994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:34:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-8d43dc66ef7742cd9000c4be3c8e45e22023-11-24T14:58:11ZengMDPI AGFuels2673-39942022-11-013466768110.3390/fuels3040040Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in Stochiometric Propane–Hydrogen–Air MixturesIgor O. Shamshin0Maxim V. Kazachenko1Sergey M. Frolov2Valentin Y. Basevich3Department of Combustion and Explosion, Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., Moscow 119991, RussiaDepartment of Combustion and Explosion, Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., Moscow 119991, RussiaDepartment of Combustion and Explosion, Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., Moscow 119991, RussiaDepartment of Combustion and Explosion, Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., Moscow 119991, RussiaHydrocarbon–hydrogen blends are often considered as perspective environmentally friendly fuels for power plants, piston engines, heating appliances, home stoves, etc. However, the addition of hydrogen to a hydrocarbon fuel poses a potential risk of accidental explosion due to the high reactivity of hydrogen. In this manuscript, the detonability of stoichiometric C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>–air mixtures is studied experimentally in terms of the run-up time and distance of deflagration to detonation transition (DDT). The hydrogen volume fraction in the mixtures varied from 0 to 1. Three different configurations of detonation tubes were used to ensure the DDT in the mixtures of the various compositions. The measured dependences of the DDT run-up time and distance on the hydrogen volume fraction were found to be nonlinear and, in some cases, nonmonotonic with local maxima. Blended fuel detonability is shown to increase sharply only at a relatively large hydrogen volume fraction (above 70%), i.e., the addition of hydrogen to propane in amounts less than 70% vol. does not affect the detonability of the blended fuel significantly. The observed nonlinear/nonmonotonic dependences are shown to be the manifestation of the physicochemical properties of hydrogen-containing mixtures. An increase in the hydrogen volume fraction is accompanied by effects leading to both an increase and a decrease in mixture sensitivity to the DDT. Thus, on the one hand, the increase in the hydrogen volume fraction increases the mixture sensitivity to DDT due to an increase in the laminar flame velocity and a decrease in the self-ignition delay at isotherms above 1000 K and pressures relevant to DDT. On the other hand, the mixture sensitivity to DDT decreases due to the increase in the speed of sound in the hydrogen-containing mixture, thus leading to a decrease in the Mach number of the lead shock wave propagating ahead of the flame, and to a corresponding increase in the self-ignition delay. Moreover, for C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>–air mixtures at isotherms below 1000 K and pressures relevant to DDT, the self-ignition delay increases with hydrogen volume fraction.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3994/3/4/40C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>–air mixturesdeflagration-to-detonation transitionrun-up distancerun-up time |
| spellingShingle | Igor O. Shamshin Maxim V. Kazachenko Sergey M. Frolov Valentin Y. Basevich Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in Stochiometric Propane–Hydrogen–Air Mixtures Fuels C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>–air mixtures deflagration-to-detonation transition run-up distance run-up time |
| title | Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in Stochiometric Propane–Hydrogen–Air Mixtures |
| title_full | Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in Stochiometric Propane–Hydrogen–Air Mixtures |
| title_fullStr | Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in Stochiometric Propane–Hydrogen–Air Mixtures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in Stochiometric Propane–Hydrogen–Air Mixtures |
| title_short | Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in Stochiometric Propane–Hydrogen–Air Mixtures |
| title_sort | deflagration to detonation transition in stochiometric propane hydrogen air mixtures |
| topic | C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>–air mixtures deflagration-to-detonation transition run-up distance run-up time |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3994/3/4/40 |
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