| Summary: | Two new pimarane diterpenes were obtained from Kaempferia marginata rhizomes, which are 1α-acetoxysandaracopimaradien-2-one
(1) and 1α-acetoxysandaracopimaradiene (4), along with seven known compounds from the hexane and
chloroform fractions including two pimarane-type diterpenes [marginatol (5), sandaracopimaradiene (8)], one kavalactone
[desmethoxyyangonin (3)], three steroids [sitosterol-β-D-glucoside (2), the mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (6 + 7)]
and one diarylheptanoid [bisdemethoxycurcumin (9)]. Compounds 3 and 9 exhibited potent effect against NO production
with IC50 of 10.1 and 6.8 µM, respectively. Compound 3 inhibited iNOS mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, while
9 suppressed both of iNOS and COX-2 genes. Moreover, compounds 2, 3, 6 + 7 and 9 were isolated for the first time from
K. marginata. These results revealed that diterpenes, diarylheptanoid and kavalactone are components of K. marginata that
afford anti-inflammatory effect through a mechanism involving a decrease in inflammatory mediators.
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