Citric Acid as an Alternative to Sulfuric Acid for the Hard-Anodizing of AA6061
Hard-anodized is a widely used method in the aeronautical sector to improve aluminum alloys abrasion and corrosion resistance. Aim of this work was to characterize the mechanical properties and resistance hard-anodized aluminum 6061 in citric acid solution as a replacement sulfuric acid solution wer...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1838 |
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| author | José Cabral-Miramontes Facundo Almeraya-Calderón Francisco Estupinán López María Lara Banda Javier Olguín-Coca Luis Daimir López-León Ivan Castañeda-Robles Miguel Ángel Esneider Alcalá Patricia Zambrano-Robledo Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio |
| author_facet | José Cabral-Miramontes Facundo Almeraya-Calderón Francisco Estupinán López María Lara Banda Javier Olguín-Coca Luis Daimir López-León Ivan Castañeda-Robles Miguel Ángel Esneider Alcalá Patricia Zambrano-Robledo Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio |
| author_sort | José Cabral-Miramontes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hard-anodized is a widely used method in the aeronautical sector to improve aluminum alloys abrasion and corrosion resistance. Aim of this work was to characterize the mechanical properties and resistance hard-anodized aluminum 6061 in citric acid solution as a replacement sulfuric acid solution were investigated. Aluminum alloy 6061 was used as the base material to produce the hard anodizing; this process was carried out in a citric and sulfuric acid solution, applying current densities 3 and 4.5 A/cm<sup>2</sup> and subsequently exposed to 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the anodizing material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers microhardness (HV). Corrosion behavior of the hard-anodized material it was carried out with electrochemical techniques as cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) respectively. Results obtained indicated that all samples anodized in citric acid solution showed negative hysteresis and lower corrosion current density (1 × 10<sup>−10</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>), indicating generalized corrosion on the material surface. EIS results show that anodizing in citric acid solution and a current density of 4.5 A/dm<sup>2</sup> provides better corrosion protection than a sulfuric acid solution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:16:53Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:16:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d5c7a027e784e56973fb9fc95351fbc2023-11-23T00:24:22ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012021-11-011111183810.3390/met11111838Citric Acid as an Alternative to Sulfuric Acid for the Hard-Anodizing of AA6061José Cabral-Miramontes0Facundo Almeraya-Calderón1Francisco Estupinán López2María Lara Banda3Javier Olguín-Coca4Luis Daimir López-León5Ivan Castañeda-Robles6Miguel Ángel Esneider Alcalá7Patricia Zambrano-Robledo8Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio9Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, FIME-Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, FIME-Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, FIME-Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, FIME-Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Hidalgo 42082, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Hidalgo 42082, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Hidalgo 42082, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados Subsede Monterrey (CIMAV), Alianza Norte 202, PIIT, Autopista Monterrey-Aeropuerto, Km 10, Apodaca 66628, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, FIME-Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, FIME-Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, MexicoHard-anodized is a widely used method in the aeronautical sector to improve aluminum alloys abrasion and corrosion resistance. Aim of this work was to characterize the mechanical properties and resistance hard-anodized aluminum 6061 in citric acid solution as a replacement sulfuric acid solution were investigated. Aluminum alloy 6061 was used as the base material to produce the hard anodizing; this process was carried out in a citric and sulfuric acid solution, applying current densities 3 and 4.5 A/cm<sup>2</sup> and subsequently exposed to 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the anodizing material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers microhardness (HV). Corrosion behavior of the hard-anodized material it was carried out with electrochemical techniques as cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) respectively. Results obtained indicated that all samples anodized in citric acid solution showed negative hysteresis and lower corrosion current density (1 × 10<sup>−10</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>), indicating generalized corrosion on the material surface. EIS results show that anodizing in citric acid solution and a current density of 4.5 A/dm<sup>2</sup> provides better corrosion protection than a sulfuric acid solution.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1838aluminum alloycorrosionEISenvironmentally friendlycitric acid |
| spellingShingle | José Cabral-Miramontes Facundo Almeraya-Calderón Francisco Estupinán López María Lara Banda Javier Olguín-Coca Luis Daimir López-León Ivan Castañeda-Robles Miguel Ángel Esneider Alcalá Patricia Zambrano-Robledo Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio Citric Acid as an Alternative to Sulfuric Acid for the Hard-Anodizing of AA6061 Metals aluminum alloy corrosion EIS environmentally friendly citric acid |
| title | Citric Acid as an Alternative to Sulfuric Acid for the Hard-Anodizing of AA6061 |
| title_full | Citric Acid as an Alternative to Sulfuric Acid for the Hard-Anodizing of AA6061 |
| title_fullStr | Citric Acid as an Alternative to Sulfuric Acid for the Hard-Anodizing of AA6061 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Citric Acid as an Alternative to Sulfuric Acid for the Hard-Anodizing of AA6061 |
| title_short | Citric Acid as an Alternative to Sulfuric Acid for the Hard-Anodizing of AA6061 |
| title_sort | citric acid as an alternative to sulfuric acid for the hard anodizing of aa6061 |
| topic | aluminum alloy corrosion EIS environmentally friendly citric acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1838 |
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