Development of a Carotenoid-Rich Microalgae Colorant by Microencapsulation
<i>Dunaliella salina</i> has been recognized as an excellent biomass source of carotenoid, which can be used as a natural orange coloring agent for food products. The most eco-friendly approach for extracting carotenoid is through supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, as it yields hig...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Colorants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6447/3/1/3 |
| _version_ | 1827306633829548032 |
|---|---|
| author | Ana N. Nunes Joana Monte Soraya Rodríguez-Rojo Isabel D. Nogueira Luís F. Gouveia Carla Brazinha Ana A. Matias |
| author_facet | Ana N. Nunes Joana Monte Soraya Rodríguez-Rojo Isabel D. Nogueira Luís F. Gouveia Carla Brazinha Ana A. Matias |
| author_sort | Ana N. Nunes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Dunaliella salina</i> has been recognized as an excellent biomass source of carotenoid, which can be used as a natural orange coloring agent for food products. The most eco-friendly approach for extracting carotenoid is through supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, as it yields highly concentrated extracts while preventing pigment thermal degradation. However, there are limitations when a lipophilic extract is considered a food ingredient, in particular very difficult handling and low solubility in water-based products. The aim of this study was to develop a hydrosoluble form of a natural carotenoid-rich extract recovered from algae biomass within a biorefinery concept to be incorporated in aqueous-based food products. A two-step process was developed, starting with the emulsification of the supercritical extract into a mixture of maltodextrin and gum arabic, using soy lecithin as an emulsifier. The emulsification was followed by a spray-drying step. The impact of process variables on the encapsulation yield, efficiency, emulsion properties, and particle characteristics was studied. The resulting particles exhibited an intense orange color and good water dispersibility, facilitating uniform yellow coloring when incorporated into an aqueous-based product. Overall, spray-drying emulsions containing carotenoids derived from <i>Dunaliella salina</i> prove to be a promising strategy for the global market demand for natural colorants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:25:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8d5dddce4b174dc3a4d36793b749bc3c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6447 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:25:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Colorants |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d5dddce4b174dc3a4d36793b749bc3c2024-03-27T13:31:48ZengMDPI AGColorants2079-64472024-01-0131395210.3390/colorants3010003Development of a Carotenoid-Rich Microalgae Colorant by MicroencapsulationAna N. Nunes0Joana Monte1Soraya Rodríguez-Rojo2Isabel D. Nogueira3Luís F. Gouveia4Carla Brazinha5Ana A. Matias6iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, PortugaliBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, PortugalBioEcoUVa, Research Institute on Bioeconomy—High Pressure Processes Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Prado de la Magdalena s/n, 47011 Valladolid, SpainMicroLab, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugaliMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, PortugalLAQV/Requimte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugaliBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal<i>Dunaliella salina</i> has been recognized as an excellent biomass source of carotenoid, which can be used as a natural orange coloring agent for food products. The most eco-friendly approach for extracting carotenoid is through supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, as it yields highly concentrated extracts while preventing pigment thermal degradation. However, there are limitations when a lipophilic extract is considered a food ingredient, in particular very difficult handling and low solubility in water-based products. The aim of this study was to develop a hydrosoluble form of a natural carotenoid-rich extract recovered from algae biomass within a biorefinery concept to be incorporated in aqueous-based food products. A two-step process was developed, starting with the emulsification of the supercritical extract into a mixture of maltodextrin and gum arabic, using soy lecithin as an emulsifier. The emulsification was followed by a spray-drying step. The impact of process variables on the encapsulation yield, efficiency, emulsion properties, and particle characteristics was studied. The resulting particles exhibited an intense orange color and good water dispersibility, facilitating uniform yellow coloring when incorporated into an aqueous-based product. Overall, spray-drying emulsions containing carotenoids derived from <i>Dunaliella salina</i> prove to be a promising strategy for the global market demand for natural colorants.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6447/3/1/3hydrophobic pigmentshydrosoluble formulationsolubility enhancement |
| spellingShingle | Ana N. Nunes Joana Monte Soraya Rodríguez-Rojo Isabel D. Nogueira Luís F. Gouveia Carla Brazinha Ana A. Matias Development of a Carotenoid-Rich Microalgae Colorant by Microencapsulation Colorants hydrophobic pigments hydrosoluble formulation solubility enhancement |
| title | Development of a Carotenoid-Rich Microalgae Colorant by Microencapsulation |
| title_full | Development of a Carotenoid-Rich Microalgae Colorant by Microencapsulation |
| title_fullStr | Development of a Carotenoid-Rich Microalgae Colorant by Microencapsulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a Carotenoid-Rich Microalgae Colorant by Microencapsulation |
| title_short | Development of a Carotenoid-Rich Microalgae Colorant by Microencapsulation |
| title_sort | development of a carotenoid rich microalgae colorant by microencapsulation |
| topic | hydrophobic pigments hydrosoluble formulation solubility enhancement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6447/3/1/3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anannunes developmentofacarotenoidrichmicroalgaecolorantbymicroencapsulation AT joanamonte developmentofacarotenoidrichmicroalgaecolorantbymicroencapsulation AT sorayarodriguezrojo developmentofacarotenoidrichmicroalgaecolorantbymicroencapsulation AT isabeldnogueira developmentofacarotenoidrichmicroalgaecolorantbymicroencapsulation AT luisfgouveia developmentofacarotenoidrichmicroalgaecolorantbymicroencapsulation AT carlabrazinha developmentofacarotenoidrichmicroalgaecolorantbymicroencapsulation AT anaamatias developmentofacarotenoidrichmicroalgaecolorantbymicroencapsulation |