A Comprehensive Analysis of Low-Profile Dual Band Flexible Omnidirectional Wearable Antenna for WBAN Applications
This manuscript demonstrates a comprehensive analysis of a low-profile dual-band flexible omnidirectional wearable antenna, designed for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on a commercially available semiflexible RT/duroid 5870 substrate....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10478010/ |
| _version_ | 1797231214826881024 |
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| author | Muhammad Afzaal Khan Waleed Tariq Sethi Waqar Ahmad Malik Abdul Jabbar Muhammad Ali Khalid Ali M. Almuhlafi Mohamed Himdi |
| author_facet | Muhammad Afzaal Khan Waleed Tariq Sethi Waqar Ahmad Malik Abdul Jabbar Muhammad Ali Khalid Ali M. Almuhlafi Mohamed Himdi |
| author_sort | Muhammad Afzaal Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This manuscript demonstrates a comprehensive analysis of a low-profile dual-band flexible omnidirectional wearable antenna, designed for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on a commercially available semiflexible RT/duroid 5870 substrate. The antenna prototype is composed of a circular radiating patch with a star-shaped slot at the center, providing dual-band operations that resonates at the 2.45 GHz ISM band and 5.2 GHz WLAN band. Meanwhile, two truncated arc-shaped slots at the top and bottom edges of the radiating patch and the partial ground were utilized to improve the reflection coefficients (S11) and impedance bandwidth of the antenna. The proposed antenna has a compact footprint of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$47\times 30\times 0.787$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm3 (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.38~\lambda \text{o} \times 0.25~\lambda \text{o} \times 0.006~\lambda \text{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 2.45 GHz), with measured impedance bandwidth of 48% and 38.5% at 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz respectively. Moreover, the designed antenna has an omnidirectional and bidirectional radiation feature with the estimated gain of 2.5 dBi, 4.63 dBi and numerical efficiencies of 98.5% and 95% at 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz respectively. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation encompassing a specific absorption rate and an exploration of bending aspects validated the effectiveness of the suggested design in adhering the SAR threshold and its remarkable robustness, when confronted with the demands imposed by human body loading and structural deformations. Consequently, both the numerical and measured results strongly endorse the significance of the suggested design for lightweight, body-worn wearable devices within the Wireless Body Area Network applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T15:40:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8d64fe5bff804901983720e84b4af574 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T15:40:50Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d64fe5bff804901983720e84b4af5742024-04-01T23:00:57ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-0112451874520110.1109/ACCESS.2024.338090810478010A Comprehensive Analysis of Low-Profile Dual Band Flexible Omnidirectional Wearable Antenna for WBAN ApplicationsMuhammad Afzaal Khan0https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9983-3306Waleed Tariq Sethi1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-2757Waqar Ahmad Malik2Abdul Jabbar3https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1063-8166Muhammad Ali Khalid4https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6535-2706Ali M. Almuhlafi5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-9936Mohamed Himdi6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0529-4656Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Swabi, PakistanFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Swabi, PakistanDepartment of Avionics Engineering, College Aeronautical Engineering (CAE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Risalpur, PakistanElectrical Engineering Department, Information Technology University (ITU), Lahore, PakistanSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaInstitut d’Electronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), University of Rennes, Rennes, FranceThis manuscript demonstrates a comprehensive analysis of a low-profile dual-band flexible omnidirectional wearable antenna, designed for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on a commercially available semiflexible RT/duroid 5870 substrate. The antenna prototype is composed of a circular radiating patch with a star-shaped slot at the center, providing dual-band operations that resonates at the 2.45 GHz ISM band and 5.2 GHz WLAN band. Meanwhile, two truncated arc-shaped slots at the top and bottom edges of the radiating patch and the partial ground were utilized to improve the reflection coefficients (S11) and impedance bandwidth of the antenna. The proposed antenna has a compact footprint of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$47\times 30\times 0.787$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm3 (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.38~\lambda \text{o} \times 0.25~\lambda \text{o} \times 0.006~\lambda \text{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 2.45 GHz), with measured impedance bandwidth of 48% and 38.5% at 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz respectively. Moreover, the designed antenna has an omnidirectional and bidirectional radiation feature with the estimated gain of 2.5 dBi, 4.63 dBi and numerical efficiencies of 98.5% and 95% at 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz respectively. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation encompassing a specific absorption rate and an exploration of bending aspects validated the effectiveness of the suggested design in adhering the SAR threshold and its remarkable robustness, when confronted with the demands imposed by human body loading and structural deformations. Consequently, both the numerical and measured results strongly endorse the significance of the suggested design for lightweight, body-worn wearable devices within the Wireless Body Area Network applications.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10478010/Dual bandmicrostrip patch antennaomnidirectional antennaSARWBAN |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Afzaal Khan Waleed Tariq Sethi Waqar Ahmad Malik Abdul Jabbar Muhammad Ali Khalid Ali M. Almuhlafi Mohamed Himdi A Comprehensive Analysis of Low-Profile Dual Band Flexible Omnidirectional Wearable Antenna for WBAN Applications IEEE Access Dual band microstrip patch antenna omnidirectional antenna SAR WBAN |
| title | A Comprehensive Analysis of Low-Profile Dual Band Flexible Omnidirectional Wearable Antenna for WBAN Applications |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Analysis of Low-Profile Dual Band Flexible Omnidirectional Wearable Antenna for WBAN Applications |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Analysis of Low-Profile Dual Band Flexible Omnidirectional Wearable Antenna for WBAN Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Analysis of Low-Profile Dual Band Flexible Omnidirectional Wearable Antenna for WBAN Applications |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Analysis of Low-Profile Dual Band Flexible Omnidirectional Wearable Antenna for WBAN Applications |
| title_sort | comprehensive analysis of low profile dual band flexible omnidirectional wearable antenna for wban applications |
| topic | Dual band microstrip patch antenna omnidirectional antenna SAR WBAN |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10478010/ |
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