Interleukin-1β in tendon injury enhances reparative gene and protein expression in mesenchymal stem cells
Tendon injury in the horse carries a high morbidity and monetary burden. Despite appropriate therapy, reinjury is estimated to occur in 50–65% of cases. Although intralesional mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has improved tissue architecture and reinjury rates, the mechanisms by which they promot...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.963759/full |
| _version_ | 1798037787741519872 |
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| author | Drew W. Koch Drew W. Koch Alix K. Berglund Alix K. Berglund Kristen M. Messenger Kristen M. Messenger Jessica M. Gilbertie Jessica M. Gilbertie Ilene M. Ellis Lauren V. Schnabel Lauren V. Schnabel |
| author_facet | Drew W. Koch Drew W. Koch Alix K. Berglund Alix K. Berglund Kristen M. Messenger Kristen M. Messenger Jessica M. Gilbertie Jessica M. Gilbertie Ilene M. Ellis Lauren V. Schnabel Lauren V. Schnabel |
| author_sort | Drew W. Koch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tendon injury in the horse carries a high morbidity and monetary burden. Despite appropriate therapy, reinjury is estimated to occur in 50–65% of cases. Although intralesional mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has improved tissue architecture and reinjury rates, the mechanisms by which they promote repair are still being investigated. Additionally, reevaluating our application of MSCs in tendon injury is necessary given recent evidence that suggests MSCs exposed to inflammation (deemed MSC licensing) have an enhanced reparative effect. However, applying MSC therapy in this context is limited by the inadequate quantification of the temporal cytokine profile in tendon injury, which hinders our ability to administer MSCs into an environment that could potentiate their effect. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to define the temporal cytokine microenvironment in a surgically induced model of equine tendon injury using ultrafiltration probes and subsequently evaluate changes in MSC gene and protein expression following in vitro inflammatory licensing with cytokines of similar concentration as identified in vivo. In our in vivo surgically induced tendon injury model, IL-1β and IL-6 were the predominant pro-inflammatory cytokines present in tendon ultrafiltrate where a discrete peak in cytokine concentration occurred within 48 h following injury. Thereafter, MSCs were licensed in vitro with IL-1β and IL-6 at a concentration identified from the in vivo study; however, only IL-1β induced upregulation of multiple genes beneficial to tendon healing as identified by RNA-sequencing. Specifically, vascular development, ECM synthesis and remodeling, chemokine and growth factor function alteration, and immunomodulation and tissue reparative genes were significantly upregulated. A significant increase in the protein expression of IL-6, VEGF, and PGE2 was confirmed in IL-1β-licensed MSCs compared to naïve MSCs. This study improves our knowledge of the temporal tendon cytokine microenvironment following injury, which could be beneficial for the development and determining optimal timing of administration of regenerative therapies. Furthermore, these data support the need to further study the benefit of MSCs administered within the inflamed tendon microenvironment or exogenously licensed with IL-1β in vitro prior to treatment as licensed MSCs could enhance their therapeutic benefit in the healing tendon. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:31:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8d688a5942004aafb278c866fc6523bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:31:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d688a5942004aafb278c866fc6523bb2022-12-22T04:01:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692022-08-01910.3389/fvets.2022.963759963759Interleukin-1β in tendon injury enhances reparative gene and protein expression in mesenchymal stem cellsDrew W. Koch0Drew W. Koch1Alix K. Berglund2Alix K. Berglund3Kristen M. Messenger4Kristen M. Messenger5Jessica M. Gilbertie6Jessica M. Gilbertie7Ilene M. Ellis8Lauren V. Schnabel9Lauren V. Schnabel10Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesComparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesComparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesComparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesDepartment of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesComparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesComparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesTendon injury in the horse carries a high morbidity and monetary burden. Despite appropriate therapy, reinjury is estimated to occur in 50–65% of cases. Although intralesional mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has improved tissue architecture and reinjury rates, the mechanisms by which they promote repair are still being investigated. Additionally, reevaluating our application of MSCs in tendon injury is necessary given recent evidence that suggests MSCs exposed to inflammation (deemed MSC licensing) have an enhanced reparative effect. However, applying MSC therapy in this context is limited by the inadequate quantification of the temporal cytokine profile in tendon injury, which hinders our ability to administer MSCs into an environment that could potentiate their effect. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to define the temporal cytokine microenvironment in a surgically induced model of equine tendon injury using ultrafiltration probes and subsequently evaluate changes in MSC gene and protein expression following in vitro inflammatory licensing with cytokines of similar concentration as identified in vivo. In our in vivo surgically induced tendon injury model, IL-1β and IL-6 were the predominant pro-inflammatory cytokines present in tendon ultrafiltrate where a discrete peak in cytokine concentration occurred within 48 h following injury. Thereafter, MSCs were licensed in vitro with IL-1β and IL-6 at a concentration identified from the in vivo study; however, only IL-1β induced upregulation of multiple genes beneficial to tendon healing as identified by RNA-sequencing. Specifically, vascular development, ECM synthesis and remodeling, chemokine and growth factor function alteration, and immunomodulation and tissue reparative genes were significantly upregulated. A significant increase in the protein expression of IL-6, VEGF, and PGE2 was confirmed in IL-1β-licensed MSCs compared to naïve MSCs. This study improves our knowledge of the temporal tendon cytokine microenvironment following injury, which could be beneficial for the development and determining optimal timing of administration of regenerative therapies. Furthermore, these data support the need to further study the benefit of MSCs administered within the inflamed tendon microenvironment or exogenously licensed with IL-1β in vitro prior to treatment as licensed MSCs could enhance their therapeutic benefit in the healing tendon.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.963759/fulltendoncytokineultrafiltration probemesenchymal stem celllicensing |
| spellingShingle | Drew W. Koch Drew W. Koch Alix K. Berglund Alix K. Berglund Kristen M. Messenger Kristen M. Messenger Jessica M. Gilbertie Jessica M. Gilbertie Ilene M. Ellis Lauren V. Schnabel Lauren V. Schnabel Interleukin-1β in tendon injury enhances reparative gene and protein expression in mesenchymal stem cells Frontiers in Veterinary Science tendon cytokine ultrafiltration probe mesenchymal stem cell licensing |
| title | Interleukin-1β in tendon injury enhances reparative gene and protein expression in mesenchymal stem cells |
| title_full | Interleukin-1β in tendon injury enhances reparative gene and protein expression in mesenchymal stem cells |
| title_fullStr | Interleukin-1β in tendon injury enhances reparative gene and protein expression in mesenchymal stem cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interleukin-1β in tendon injury enhances reparative gene and protein expression in mesenchymal stem cells |
| title_short | Interleukin-1β in tendon injury enhances reparative gene and protein expression in mesenchymal stem cells |
| title_sort | interleukin 1β in tendon injury enhances reparative gene and protein expression in mesenchymal stem cells |
| topic | tendon cytokine ultrafiltration probe mesenchymal stem cell licensing |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.963759/full |
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