A review of instrument techniques to measure magnetospheric cold electrons and ions
A review of the instruments and techniques to directly measure the full distributions of the cold-ion and cold-electron populations in the magnetosphere is presented. Relatively few studies have focused on the cold plasma populations of the magnetosphere due to difficulties associated with obtaining...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2022.1005845/full |
| _version_ | 1797955362267070464 |
|---|---|
| author | Carlos A. Maldonado Pedro A. Resendiz Lira Gian L. Delzanno Brian A. Larsen Daniel B. Reisenfeld Victoria Coffey |
| author_facet | Carlos A. Maldonado Pedro A. Resendiz Lira Gian L. Delzanno Brian A. Larsen Daniel B. Reisenfeld Victoria Coffey |
| author_sort | Carlos A. Maldonado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A review of the instruments and techniques to directly measure the full distributions of the cold-ion and cold-electron populations in the magnetosphere is presented. Relatively few studies have focused on the cold plasma populations of the magnetosphere due to difficulties associated with obtaining measurements. The cold particle populations are defined here as those with total energy approximately <100 eV which is an energy range for which measurements are difficult (regardless of species), but which often make up the bulk of the plasma density. These populations have known and suspected impacts on the structure and dynamics of the magnetosphere but to date have not yet been measured adequately. The lack of accurate measurements cold ion and electron populations through the magnetosphere makes closure of these science questions extremely difficult if not impossible. Reaching closure will require innovations in plasma spectrometers and associated techniques required to obtain high-fidelity measurements of the cold ion and electron populations in the magnetosphere. This paper seeks to review the instruments and techniques that have been used to date and present possible options for future missions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T23:31:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8d6b6d42a3c548c48e0750d8e4e91651 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-987X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T23:31:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d6b6d42a3c548c48e0750d8e4e916512023-01-12T05:26:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences2296-987X2023-01-01910.3389/fspas.2022.10058451005845A review of instrument techniques to measure magnetospheric cold electrons and ionsCarlos A. Maldonado0Pedro A. Resendiz Lira1Gian L. Delzanno2Brian A. Larsen3Daniel B. Reisenfeld4Victoria Coffey5Intelligence and Space Research Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United StatesTheoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United StatesTheoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United StatesIntelligence and Space Research Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United StatesIntelligence and Space Research Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United StatesMarshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, United StatesA review of the instruments and techniques to directly measure the full distributions of the cold-ion and cold-electron populations in the magnetosphere is presented. Relatively few studies have focused on the cold plasma populations of the magnetosphere due to difficulties associated with obtaining measurements. The cold particle populations are defined here as those with total energy approximately <100 eV which is an energy range for which measurements are difficult (regardless of species), but which often make up the bulk of the plasma density. These populations have known and suspected impacts on the structure and dynamics of the magnetosphere but to date have not yet been measured adequately. The lack of accurate measurements cold ion and electron populations through the magnetosphere makes closure of these science questions extremely difficult if not impossible. Reaching closure will require innovations in plasma spectrometers and associated techniques required to obtain high-fidelity measurements of the cold ion and electron populations in the magnetosphere. This paper seeks to review the instruments and techniques that have been used to date and present possible options for future missions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2022.1005845/fullcold plasmamagnetosphereionselectronsmagnetic reconnection |
| spellingShingle | Carlos A. Maldonado Pedro A. Resendiz Lira Gian L. Delzanno Brian A. Larsen Daniel B. Reisenfeld Victoria Coffey A review of instrument techniques to measure magnetospheric cold electrons and ions Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences cold plasma magnetosphere ions electrons magnetic reconnection |
| title | A review of instrument techniques to measure magnetospheric cold electrons and ions |
| title_full | A review of instrument techniques to measure magnetospheric cold electrons and ions |
| title_fullStr | A review of instrument techniques to measure magnetospheric cold electrons and ions |
| title_full_unstemmed | A review of instrument techniques to measure magnetospheric cold electrons and ions |
| title_short | A review of instrument techniques to measure magnetospheric cold electrons and ions |
| title_sort | review of instrument techniques to measure magnetospheric cold electrons and ions |
| topic | cold plasma magnetosphere ions electrons magnetic reconnection |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2022.1005845/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carlosamaldonado areviewofinstrumenttechniquestomeasuremagnetosphericcoldelectronsandions AT pedroaresendizlira areviewofinstrumenttechniquestomeasuremagnetosphericcoldelectronsandions AT gianldelzanno areviewofinstrumenttechniquestomeasuremagnetosphericcoldelectronsandions AT brianalarsen areviewofinstrumenttechniquestomeasuremagnetosphericcoldelectronsandions AT danielbreisenfeld areviewofinstrumenttechniquestomeasuremagnetosphericcoldelectronsandions AT victoriacoffey areviewofinstrumenttechniquestomeasuremagnetosphericcoldelectronsandions AT carlosamaldonado reviewofinstrumenttechniquestomeasuremagnetosphericcoldelectronsandions AT pedroaresendizlira reviewofinstrumenttechniquestomeasuremagnetosphericcoldelectronsandions AT gianldelzanno reviewofinstrumenttechniquestomeasuremagnetosphericcoldelectronsandions AT brianalarsen reviewofinstrumenttechniquestomeasuremagnetosphericcoldelectronsandions AT danielbreisenfeld reviewofinstrumenttechniquestomeasuremagnetosphericcoldelectronsandions AT victoriacoffey reviewofinstrumenttechniquestomeasuremagnetosphericcoldelectronsandions |