Crowding Effects of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Hydra Attenuata
Plastics pervade our environment and potentially release important quantities of plastic nanoparticles (NPs) from degradation in the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the crowding effects of polystyrene NPs on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in vitro and following exposure to <i&g...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Xenobiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/10/1/2 |
| _version_ | 1797553525970960384 |
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| author | Joelle Auclair François Gagné |
| author_facet | Joelle Auclair François Gagné |
| author_sort | Joelle Auclair |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plastics pervade our environment and potentially release important quantities of plastic nanoparticles (NPs) from degradation in the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the crowding effects of polystyrene NPs on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in vitro and following exposure to <i>Hydra attenuata</i>. First, LDH activity was measured in vitro in the presence of filamentous (F-)actin and NPs (50 and 100 nm diameter) to determine changes in viscosity and the fractal kinetics of LDH. The fractal dimension (fD) was also determined using the rescaled range analysis procedure. Secondly, these changes were examined in hydra exposed to NPs for 96h to concentrations of NPs. The data revealed that the addition of F-actin increased the rate of LDH at low substrate (pyruvate) concentrations compared to LDH alone with a gradual decrease in the rate with the addition of pyruvate, which is characteristic of the fractal behavior of enzymes in crowded environments. The addition of 50 and 100 nm NPs also produced these changes, which suggest that NPs could change the space properties of the LDH reaction. The fD was reduced to 0.85 and 0.91 with 50 and 100 nm NPs compared to 1.093 with LDH alone. Decrease in the fD was related with increased amplitudes and frequency in viscosity waves in the reaction media. Exposure of hydra to NPs confirmed the increase in LDH activity and the fD was significantly correlated with LDH activity (r = −0.5). Correction of LDH activity (residuals) still revealed an increase in LDH activity in hydra suggesting increased anaerobic metabolism by NPs. In conclusion, the presence of NPs in the intracellular space decreased the fD, which could influence LDH activity in organisms exposed to NPs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:17:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8d7aeac23787477382ce9e9a31e00e25 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2039-4705 2039-4713 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:17:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Xenobiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d7aeac23787477382ce9e9a31e00e252023-11-20T13:59:34ZengMDPI AGJournal of Xenobiotics2039-47052039-47132020-09-0110121010.3390/jox10010002Crowding Effects of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Hydra AttenuataJoelle Auclair0François Gagné1Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, CanadaAquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, CanadaPlastics pervade our environment and potentially release important quantities of plastic nanoparticles (NPs) from degradation in the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the crowding effects of polystyrene NPs on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in vitro and following exposure to <i>Hydra attenuata</i>. First, LDH activity was measured in vitro in the presence of filamentous (F-)actin and NPs (50 and 100 nm diameter) to determine changes in viscosity and the fractal kinetics of LDH. The fractal dimension (fD) was also determined using the rescaled range analysis procedure. Secondly, these changes were examined in hydra exposed to NPs for 96h to concentrations of NPs. The data revealed that the addition of F-actin increased the rate of LDH at low substrate (pyruvate) concentrations compared to LDH alone with a gradual decrease in the rate with the addition of pyruvate, which is characteristic of the fractal behavior of enzymes in crowded environments. The addition of 50 and 100 nm NPs also produced these changes, which suggest that NPs could change the space properties of the LDH reaction. The fD was reduced to 0.85 and 0.91 with 50 and 100 nm NPs compared to 1.093 with LDH alone. Decrease in the fD was related with increased amplitudes and frequency in viscosity waves in the reaction media. Exposure of hydra to NPs confirmed the increase in LDH activity and the fD was significantly correlated with LDH activity (r = −0.5). Correction of LDH activity (residuals) still revealed an increase in LDH activity in hydra suggesting increased anaerobic metabolism by NPs. In conclusion, the presence of NPs in the intracellular space decreased the fD, which could influence LDH activity in organisms exposed to NPs.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/10/1/2lactate dehydrogenasepolystyrenenanoplasticsfractal dimension<i>Hydra attenuata</i> |
| spellingShingle | Joelle Auclair François Gagné Crowding Effects of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Hydra Attenuata Journal of Xenobiotics lactate dehydrogenase polystyrene nanoplastics fractal dimension <i>Hydra attenuata</i> |
| title | Crowding Effects of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Hydra Attenuata |
| title_full | Crowding Effects of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Hydra Attenuata |
| title_fullStr | Crowding Effects of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Hydra Attenuata |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crowding Effects of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Hydra Attenuata |
| title_short | Crowding Effects of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Hydra Attenuata |
| title_sort | crowding effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on lactate dehydrogenase activity in hydra attenuata |
| topic | lactate dehydrogenase polystyrene nanoplastics fractal dimension <i>Hydra attenuata</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/10/1/2 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT joelleauclair crowdingeffectsofpolystyrenenanoparticlesonlactatedehydrogenaseactivityinhydraattenuata AT francoisgagne crowdingeffectsofpolystyrenenanoparticlesonlactatedehydrogenaseactivityinhydraattenuata |