Molecular pathways and nutrigenomic review of insulin resistance development in gestational diabetes mellitus
Gestational diabetes mellitus is a condition marked by raised blood sugar levels and insulin resistance that usually occurs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. According to the World Health Organization, hyperglycemia affects 16.9% of pregnancies worldwide. Dietary changes are the pri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1228703/full |
| _version_ | 1827811878769786880 |
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| author | Patricia Guevara-Ramírez Elius Paz-Cruz Santiago Cadena-Ullauri Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo Maria L. Felix Daniel Simancas-Racines Ana Karina Zambrano |
| author_facet | Patricia Guevara-Ramírez Elius Paz-Cruz Santiago Cadena-Ullauri Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo Maria L. Felix Daniel Simancas-Racines Ana Karina Zambrano |
| author_sort | Patricia Guevara-Ramírez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gestational diabetes mellitus is a condition marked by raised blood sugar levels and insulin resistance that usually occurs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. According to the World Health Organization, hyperglycemia affects 16.9% of pregnancies worldwide. Dietary changes are the primarily alternative treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus. This paper aims to perform an exhaustive overview of the interaction between diet, gene expression, and the metabolic pathways related to insulin resistance. The intake of foods rich in carbohydrates can influence the gene expression of glycolysis, as well as foods rich in fat, can disrupt the beta-oxidation and ketogenesis pathways. Furthermore, vitamins and minerals are related to inflammatory processes regulated by the TLR4/NF-κB and one carbon metabolic pathways. We indicate that diet regulated gene expression of PPARα, NOS, CREB3L3, IRS, and CPT I, altering cellular physiological mechanisms and thus increasing or decreasing the risk of gestational diabetes. The alteration of gene expression can cause inflammation, inhibition of fatty acid transport, or on the contrary help in the modulation of ketogenesis, improve insulin sensitivity, attenuate the effects of glucotoxicity, and others. Therefore, it is critical to comprehend the metabolic changes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, to determine nutrients that help in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and its long-term consequences. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:11:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8d7f999809f747f795c15f52bc851db1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:11:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d7f999809f747f795c15f52bc851db12023-09-21T08:30:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2023-09-011010.3389/fnut.2023.12287031228703Molecular pathways and nutrigenomic review of insulin resistance development in gestational diabetes mellitusPatricia Guevara-Ramírez0Elius Paz-Cruz1Santiago Cadena-Ullauri2Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo3Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo4Maria L. Felix5Daniel Simancas-Racines6Ana Karina Zambrano7Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, EcuadorFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, EcuadorFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, EcuadorFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, EcuadorFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, EcuadorFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, EcuadorCentro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito, EcuadorFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, EcuadorGestational diabetes mellitus is a condition marked by raised blood sugar levels and insulin resistance that usually occurs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. According to the World Health Organization, hyperglycemia affects 16.9% of pregnancies worldwide. Dietary changes are the primarily alternative treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus. This paper aims to perform an exhaustive overview of the interaction between diet, gene expression, and the metabolic pathways related to insulin resistance. The intake of foods rich in carbohydrates can influence the gene expression of glycolysis, as well as foods rich in fat, can disrupt the beta-oxidation and ketogenesis pathways. Furthermore, vitamins and minerals are related to inflammatory processes regulated by the TLR4/NF-κB and one carbon metabolic pathways. We indicate that diet regulated gene expression of PPARα, NOS, CREB3L3, IRS, and CPT I, altering cellular physiological mechanisms and thus increasing or decreasing the risk of gestational diabetes. The alteration of gene expression can cause inflammation, inhibition of fatty acid transport, or on the contrary help in the modulation of ketogenesis, improve insulin sensitivity, attenuate the effects of glucotoxicity, and others. Therefore, it is critical to comprehend the metabolic changes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, to determine nutrients that help in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and its long-term consequences.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1228703/fullgestational diabetes mellitusinsulin resistancenutrientsmetabolic pathwaysnutrigenomic |
| spellingShingle | Patricia Guevara-Ramírez Elius Paz-Cruz Santiago Cadena-Ullauri Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo Maria L. Felix Daniel Simancas-Racines Ana Karina Zambrano Molecular pathways and nutrigenomic review of insulin resistance development in gestational diabetes mellitus Frontiers in Nutrition gestational diabetes mellitus insulin resistance nutrients metabolic pathways nutrigenomic |
| title | Molecular pathways and nutrigenomic review of insulin resistance development in gestational diabetes mellitus |
| title_full | Molecular pathways and nutrigenomic review of insulin resistance development in gestational diabetes mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Molecular pathways and nutrigenomic review of insulin resistance development in gestational diabetes mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular pathways and nutrigenomic review of insulin resistance development in gestational diabetes mellitus |
| title_short | Molecular pathways and nutrigenomic review of insulin resistance development in gestational diabetes mellitus |
| title_sort | molecular pathways and nutrigenomic review of insulin resistance development in gestational diabetes mellitus |
| topic | gestational diabetes mellitus insulin resistance nutrients metabolic pathways nutrigenomic |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1228703/full |
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