The Organization of Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Cells in the Visual Cortex of the Gerbil
Somatostatin (SST) is widely expressed in the brain and plays various, vital roles involved in neuromodulation. The purpose of this study is to characterize the organization of SST neurons in the Mongolian gerbil visual cortex (VC) using immunocytochemistry, quantitative analysis, and confocal micro...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/1/92 |
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| author | Kyung-Min Kwon Myung-Jun Lee Han-Saem Chung Jae-Hong Pak Chang-Jin Jeon |
| author_facet | Kyung-Min Kwon Myung-Jun Lee Han-Saem Chung Jae-Hong Pak Chang-Jin Jeon |
| author_sort | Kyung-Min Kwon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Somatostatin (SST) is widely expressed in the brain and plays various, vital roles involved in neuromodulation. The purpose of this study is to characterize the organization of SST neurons in the Mongolian gerbil visual cortex (VC) using immunocytochemistry, quantitative analysis, and confocal microscopy. As a diurnal animal, the Mongolian gerbil provides us with a different perspective to other commonly used nocturnal rodent models. In this study, SST neurons were located in all layers of the VC except in layer I; they were most common in layer V. Most SST neurons were multipolar round/oval or stellate cells. No pyramidal neurons were found. Moreover, 2-color immunofluorescence revealed that only 33.50%, 24.05%, 16.73%, 0%, and 64.57% of SST neurons contained gamma-aminobutyric acid, calbindin-D28K, calretinin, parvalbumin, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, respectively. In contrast, neuropeptide Y and nitric oxide synthase were abundantly expressed, with 80.07% and 75.41% in SST neurons, respectively. Our immunocytochemical analyses of SST with D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> dopamine receptors and choline acetyltransferase, α<sub>7</sub> and β<sub>2</sub> nicotinic acetylcholine receptors suggest that dopaminergic and cholinergic fibers contact some SST neurons. The results showed some distinguishable features of SST neurons and provided some insight into their afferent circuitry in the gerbil VC. These findings may support future studies investigating the role of SST neurons in visual processing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:52:07Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:52:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d81efebc93046f88b77ac12e3da92a32023-11-23T13:03:41ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-01-011019210.3390/biomedicines10010092The Organization of Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Cells in the Visual Cortex of the GerbilKyung-Min Kwon0Myung-Jun Lee1Han-Saem Chung2Jae-Hong Pak3Chang-Jin Jeon4Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio-Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio-Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Biology, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaResearch Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio-Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaSomatostatin (SST) is widely expressed in the brain and plays various, vital roles involved in neuromodulation. The purpose of this study is to characterize the organization of SST neurons in the Mongolian gerbil visual cortex (VC) using immunocytochemistry, quantitative analysis, and confocal microscopy. As a diurnal animal, the Mongolian gerbil provides us with a different perspective to other commonly used nocturnal rodent models. In this study, SST neurons were located in all layers of the VC except in layer I; they were most common in layer V. Most SST neurons were multipolar round/oval or stellate cells. No pyramidal neurons were found. Moreover, 2-color immunofluorescence revealed that only 33.50%, 24.05%, 16.73%, 0%, and 64.57% of SST neurons contained gamma-aminobutyric acid, calbindin-D28K, calretinin, parvalbumin, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, respectively. In contrast, neuropeptide Y and nitric oxide synthase were abundantly expressed, with 80.07% and 75.41% in SST neurons, respectively. Our immunocytochemical analyses of SST with D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> dopamine receptors and choline acetyltransferase, α<sub>7</sub> and β<sub>2</sub> nicotinic acetylcholine receptors suggest that dopaminergic and cholinergic fibers contact some SST neurons. The results showed some distinguishable features of SST neurons and provided some insight into their afferent circuitry in the gerbil VC. These findings may support future studies investigating the role of SST neurons in visual processing.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/1/92somatostatinvisual cortexgamma-aminobutyric acidcalcium-binding proteinscalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIdopamine receptors |
| spellingShingle | Kyung-Min Kwon Myung-Jun Lee Han-Saem Chung Jae-Hong Pak Chang-Jin Jeon The Organization of Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Cells in the Visual Cortex of the Gerbil Biomedicines somatostatin visual cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid calcium-binding proteins calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II dopamine receptors |
| title | The Organization of Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Cells in the Visual Cortex of the Gerbil |
| title_full | The Organization of Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Cells in the Visual Cortex of the Gerbil |
| title_fullStr | The Organization of Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Cells in the Visual Cortex of the Gerbil |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Organization of Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Cells in the Visual Cortex of the Gerbil |
| title_short | The Organization of Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Cells in the Visual Cortex of the Gerbil |
| title_sort | organization of somatostatin immunoreactive cells in the visual cortex of the gerbil |
| topic | somatostatin visual cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid calcium-binding proteins calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II dopamine receptors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/1/92 |
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