Analysis of Microstructure Evolution of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy during Isothermal Forging
The article analyzes the microstructure evolution of Co-Cr-Mo alloy during isothermal forging. The process of isothermal forging can be a technological solution to produce a semi-finished product for subsequent deformation processing and obtain a high-quality microstructure that excludes casting def...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/9/1583 |
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| author | Yury V. Gamin Alexander V. Skugorev Mukhamed M. Karashaev Tatiana Y. Kin Sergei P. Galkin Abdullah Mahmoud Alhaj Ali Vladimir V. Cheverikin |
| author_facet | Yury V. Gamin Alexander V. Skugorev Mukhamed M. Karashaev Tatiana Y. Kin Sergei P. Galkin Abdullah Mahmoud Alhaj Ali Vladimir V. Cheverikin |
| author_sort | Yury V. Gamin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The article analyzes the microstructure evolution of Co-Cr-Mo alloy during isothermal forging. The process of isothermal forging can be a technological solution to produce a semi-finished product for subsequent deformation processing and obtain a high-quality microstructure that excludes casting defects. Based on analysis of microstructure and phase composition and calculations, the required modes of ingot homogenization are determined. Finite element method simulation of the forging has shown that temperature and deformation conditions make deformation in the single-phase γ-region possible. However, at lower temperatures, σ-phase particles may precipitate at the last steps of deformation. After isothermal forging and water quenching, a mixture of recrystallized and polygonized structures with an average grain size of 5–10 μm and precipitation of ultra-fine dispersed particles of σ-phase (~0.13 μm) at grain boundaries are formed. Isothermal forging in the temperature range of 1100–1200 °C and at low strain rates of up to 1 s<sup>−1</sup> allows obtaining a microstructure without pores, cracks, and large inclusions. Thus, it makes it possible to use the forging billet for further deformation by different metal forming methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:28:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8d922b8c026e431f92f5b39cab2e2022 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:28:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d922b8c026e431f92f5b39cab2e20222023-11-19T11:56:59ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012023-09-01139158310.3390/met13091583Analysis of Microstructure Evolution of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy during Isothermal ForgingYury V. Gamin0Alexander V. Skugorev1Mukhamed M. Karashaev2Tatiana Y. Kin3Sergei P. Galkin4Abdullah Mahmoud Alhaj Ali5Vladimir V. Cheverikin6Department of Metal Forming, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS» (NUST MISIS), 4 Leninsky Pr., 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Metal Forming, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS» (NUST MISIS), 4 Leninsky Pr., 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Metal Forming, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS» (NUST MISIS), 4 Leninsky Pr., 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Metal Forming, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS» (NUST MISIS), 4 Leninsky Pr., 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Metal Forming, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS» (NUST MISIS), 4 Leninsky Pr., 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Metal Forming, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS» (NUST MISIS), 4 Leninsky Pr., 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Moscow State University (MSU), Leninskiye Gory, 1, 119991 Moscow, RussiaThe article analyzes the microstructure evolution of Co-Cr-Mo alloy during isothermal forging. The process of isothermal forging can be a technological solution to produce a semi-finished product for subsequent deformation processing and obtain a high-quality microstructure that excludes casting defects. Based on analysis of microstructure and phase composition and calculations, the required modes of ingot homogenization are determined. Finite element method simulation of the forging has shown that temperature and deformation conditions make deformation in the single-phase γ-region possible. However, at lower temperatures, σ-phase particles may precipitate at the last steps of deformation. After isothermal forging and water quenching, a mixture of recrystallized and polygonized structures with an average grain size of 5–10 μm and precipitation of ultra-fine dispersed particles of σ-phase (~0.13 μm) at grain boundaries are formed. Isothermal forging in the temperature range of 1100–1200 °C and at low strain rates of up to 1 s<sup>−1</sup> allows obtaining a microstructure without pores, cracks, and large inclusions. Thus, it makes it possible to use the forging billet for further deformation by different metal forming methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/9/1583Co-Cr-Mo alloyisothermal forgingmicrostructure evolutionFEM simulationgleeble 3800 testsphase composition |
| spellingShingle | Yury V. Gamin Alexander V. Skugorev Mukhamed M. Karashaev Tatiana Y. Kin Sergei P. Galkin Abdullah Mahmoud Alhaj Ali Vladimir V. Cheverikin Analysis of Microstructure Evolution of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy during Isothermal Forging Metals Co-Cr-Mo alloy isothermal forging microstructure evolution FEM simulation gleeble 3800 tests phase composition |
| title | Analysis of Microstructure Evolution of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy during Isothermal Forging |
| title_full | Analysis of Microstructure Evolution of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy during Isothermal Forging |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Microstructure Evolution of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy during Isothermal Forging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Microstructure Evolution of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy during Isothermal Forging |
| title_short | Analysis of Microstructure Evolution of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy during Isothermal Forging |
| title_sort | analysis of microstructure evolution of co cr mo alloy during isothermal forging |
| topic | Co-Cr-Mo alloy isothermal forging microstructure evolution FEM simulation gleeble 3800 tests phase composition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/9/1583 |
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