The Efficacy of a Didactic and Case-Based Pharmacogenomics Education Program on Improving the Knowledge and Confidence of Alberta Pharmacists
Meagan Hayashi,1 Sherif Hanafy Mahmoud,1 Dalia A Hamdy1– 3 1Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; 2AbEx Health Services LTD, Fort, Saskatchewan, AB, Canada; 3AbEx Pharmacy Beaumont Ltd, Beaumont, AB, CanadaCorrespondence: Dalia A Hamdy, Faculty...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dove Medical Press
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/the-efficacy-of-a-didactic-and-case-based-pharmacogenomics-education-p-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PGPM |
| _version_ | 1818115795851411456 |
|---|---|
| author | Hayashi M Mahmoud SH Hamdy DA |
| author_facet | Hayashi M Mahmoud SH Hamdy DA |
| author_sort | Hayashi M |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Meagan Hayashi,1 Sherif Hanafy Mahmoud,1 Dalia A Hamdy1– 3 1Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; 2AbEx Health Services LTD, Fort, Saskatchewan, AB, Canada; 3AbEx Pharmacy Beaumont Ltd, Beaumont, AB, CanadaCorrespondence: Dalia A Hamdy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 8613 - 114th Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada, Tel +1 7806040481, Fax +1 7805892239, Email dhamdi@ualberta.caBackground: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is the study of how genetic variations for functional proteins, such as metabolizing enzymes and drug receptors, impact drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In theory, pharmacists are well suited to utilize PGx in tailoring medications to patient genetics when providing medication therapy management services. However, PGx education needs to reach pharmacists prior to implementation. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a PGx course for pharmacists.Methods: A PGx education program was created and offered synchronously (virtual) and asynchronously (self-study) to pharmacists in Alberta, Canada. Lectures were delivered by experts live (virtual) with a question-and-answer period for synchronous sessions. These sessions were recorded for asynchronous delivery. Six case studies were discussed in large and small groups (“breakout rooms”) in synchronous sessions, and provided for self-study in the asynchronous subgroup. Topics included genetic and PGx concepts; therapeutic applications; ethical, legal, and social considerations; and practical implementation. Pre- and post-course surveys measured self-rated knowledge using a 5-point Likert Scale and tested objective knowledge with a graded quiz.Results: Thirty-six pharmacists completed the course and both surveys. Participants reported backgrounds in community (88.9%) and hospital (38.9%) practice. Prior education in PGx was reported by 44.4% from degree programs and 27.8% from continuing education. Overall responses to statements about confidence in PGx moved from a median of “Disagree” at baseline to “Agree” after receiving PGx education (2-point difference [1,2] on 5-point Likert Scale; p < 0.001), indicating an increase in self-assessed competency in PGx. Likewise, mean participant grades on the knowledge quiz improved (20.8± 21.9% pre-course vs 70.2± 19.1% post-course, p < 0.001). There was no difference in these results between synchronous and asynchronous groups.Conclusion: A didactic and case-based PGx education program was effective at increasing pharmacist knowledge and confidence in PGx in both synchronous and asynchronous environments. Knowledge gained can be utilized in delivery of patient-centered, personalized medication therapy management in the pharmacy setting.Keywords: pharmacy practice, pharmacy, pharmacogenetics, virtual learning, medical education, precision medicine, pharmacogenomics |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T04:12:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8d9649396d2848afa3f104b93ae7d78e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-7066 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T04:12:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-8d9649396d2848afa3f104b93ae7d78e2022-12-22T01:21:20ZengDove Medical PressPharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine1178-70662022-04-01Volume 1540942774763The Efficacy of a Didactic and Case-Based Pharmacogenomics Education Program on Improving the Knowledge and Confidence of Alberta PharmacistsHayashi MMahmoud SHHamdy DAMeagan Hayashi,1 Sherif Hanafy Mahmoud,1 Dalia A Hamdy1– 3 1Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; 2AbEx Health Services LTD, Fort, Saskatchewan, AB, Canada; 3AbEx Pharmacy Beaumont Ltd, Beaumont, AB, CanadaCorrespondence: Dalia A Hamdy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 8613 - 114th Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada, Tel +1 7806040481, Fax +1 7805892239, Email dhamdi@ualberta.caBackground: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is the study of how genetic variations for functional proteins, such as metabolizing enzymes and drug receptors, impact drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In theory, pharmacists are well suited to utilize PGx in tailoring medications to patient genetics when providing medication therapy management services. However, PGx education needs to reach pharmacists prior to implementation. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a PGx course for pharmacists.Methods: A PGx education program was created and offered synchronously (virtual) and asynchronously (self-study) to pharmacists in Alberta, Canada. Lectures were delivered by experts live (virtual) with a question-and-answer period for synchronous sessions. These sessions were recorded for asynchronous delivery. Six case studies were discussed in large and small groups (“breakout rooms”) in synchronous sessions, and provided for self-study in the asynchronous subgroup. Topics included genetic and PGx concepts; therapeutic applications; ethical, legal, and social considerations; and practical implementation. Pre- and post-course surveys measured self-rated knowledge using a 5-point Likert Scale and tested objective knowledge with a graded quiz.Results: Thirty-six pharmacists completed the course and both surveys. Participants reported backgrounds in community (88.9%) and hospital (38.9%) practice. Prior education in PGx was reported by 44.4% from degree programs and 27.8% from continuing education. Overall responses to statements about confidence in PGx moved from a median of “Disagree” at baseline to “Agree” after receiving PGx education (2-point difference [1,2] on 5-point Likert Scale; p < 0.001), indicating an increase in self-assessed competency in PGx. Likewise, mean participant grades on the knowledge quiz improved (20.8± 21.9% pre-course vs 70.2± 19.1% post-course, p < 0.001). There was no difference in these results between synchronous and asynchronous groups.Conclusion: A didactic and case-based PGx education program was effective at increasing pharmacist knowledge and confidence in PGx in both synchronous and asynchronous environments. Knowledge gained can be utilized in delivery of patient-centered, personalized medication therapy management in the pharmacy setting.Keywords: pharmacy practice, pharmacy, pharmacogenetics, virtual learning, medical education, precision medicine, pharmacogenomicshttps://www.dovepress.com/the-efficacy-of-a-didactic-and-case-based-pharmacogenomics-education-p-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PGPMpharmacy practicepharmacypharmacogeneticsvirtual learningmedical educationprecision medicinepharmacogenomics |
| spellingShingle | Hayashi M Mahmoud SH Hamdy DA The Efficacy of a Didactic and Case-Based Pharmacogenomics Education Program on Improving the Knowledge and Confidence of Alberta Pharmacists Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine pharmacy practice pharmacy pharmacogenetics virtual learning medical education precision medicine pharmacogenomics |
| title | The Efficacy of a Didactic and Case-Based Pharmacogenomics Education Program on Improving the Knowledge and Confidence of Alberta Pharmacists |
| title_full | The Efficacy of a Didactic and Case-Based Pharmacogenomics Education Program on Improving the Knowledge and Confidence of Alberta Pharmacists |
| title_fullStr | The Efficacy of a Didactic and Case-Based Pharmacogenomics Education Program on Improving the Knowledge and Confidence of Alberta Pharmacists |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Efficacy of a Didactic and Case-Based Pharmacogenomics Education Program on Improving the Knowledge and Confidence of Alberta Pharmacists |
| title_short | The Efficacy of a Didactic and Case-Based Pharmacogenomics Education Program on Improving the Knowledge and Confidence of Alberta Pharmacists |
| title_sort | efficacy of a didactic and case based pharmacogenomics education program on improving the knowledge and confidence of alberta pharmacists |
| topic | pharmacy practice pharmacy pharmacogenetics virtual learning medical education precision medicine pharmacogenomics |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/the-efficacy-of-a-didactic-and-case-based-pharmacogenomics-education-p-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PGPM |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hayashim theefficacyofadidacticandcasebasedpharmacogenomicseducationprogramonimprovingtheknowledgeandconfidenceofalbertapharmacists AT mahmoudsh theefficacyofadidacticandcasebasedpharmacogenomicseducationprogramonimprovingtheknowledgeandconfidenceofalbertapharmacists AT hamdyda theefficacyofadidacticandcasebasedpharmacogenomicseducationprogramonimprovingtheknowledgeandconfidenceofalbertapharmacists AT hayashim efficacyofadidacticandcasebasedpharmacogenomicseducationprogramonimprovingtheknowledgeandconfidenceofalbertapharmacists AT mahmoudsh efficacyofadidacticandcasebasedpharmacogenomicseducationprogramonimprovingtheknowledgeandconfidenceofalbertapharmacists AT hamdyda efficacyofadidacticandcasebasedpharmacogenomicseducationprogramonimprovingtheknowledgeandconfidenceofalbertapharmacists |