Structure, Biology, and Therapeutic Application of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria
Bacterial toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems have received increasing attention for their diverse identities, structures, and functional implications in cell cycle arrest and survival against environmental stresses such as nutrient deficiency, antibiotic treatments, and immune system attacks. In this revi...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-10-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/10/305 |
| _version_ | 1811186492114993152 |
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| author | Ki-Young Lee Bong-Jin Lee |
| author_facet | Ki-Young Lee Bong-Jin Lee |
| author_sort | Ki-Young Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacterial toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems have received increasing attention for their diverse identities, structures, and functional implications in cell cycle arrest and survival against environmental stresses such as nutrient deficiency, antibiotic treatments, and immune system attacks. In this review, we describe the biological functions and the auto-regulatory mechanisms of six different types of TA systems, among which the type II TA system has been most extensively studied. The functions of type II toxins include mRNA/tRNA cleavage, gyrase/ribosome poison, and protein phosphorylation, which can be neutralized by their cognate antitoxins. We mainly explore the similar but divergent structures of type II TA proteins from 12 important pathogenic bacteria, including various aspects of protein–protein interactions. Accumulating knowledge about the structure–function correlation of TA systems from pathogenic bacteria has facilitated a novel strategy to develop antibiotic drugs that target specific pathogens. These molecules could increase the intrinsic activity of the toxin by artificially interfering with the intermolecular network of the TA systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:46:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8da302f2a8044febbd474ad8395e63bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:46:19Z |
| publishDate | 2016-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-8da302f2a8044febbd474ad8395e63bd2022-12-22T04:21:01ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512016-10-0181030510.3390/toxins8100305toxins8100305Structure, Biology, and Therapeutic Application of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic BacteriaKi-Young Lee0Bong-Jin Lee1Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, KoreaResearch Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, KoreaBacterial toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems have received increasing attention for their diverse identities, structures, and functional implications in cell cycle arrest and survival against environmental stresses such as nutrient deficiency, antibiotic treatments, and immune system attacks. In this review, we describe the biological functions and the auto-regulatory mechanisms of six different types of TA systems, among which the type II TA system has been most extensively studied. The functions of type II toxins include mRNA/tRNA cleavage, gyrase/ribosome poison, and protein phosphorylation, which can be neutralized by their cognate antitoxins. We mainly explore the similar but divergent structures of type II TA proteins from 12 important pathogenic bacteria, including various aspects of protein–protein interactions. Accumulating knowledge about the structure–function correlation of TA systems from pathogenic bacteria has facilitated a novel strategy to develop antibiotic drugs that target specific pathogens. These molecules could increase the intrinsic activity of the toxin by artificially interfering with the intermolecular network of the TA systems.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/10/305toxin–antitoxin systemtype IIstructure–function correlationpathogenic bacterianovel antibiotic target |
| spellingShingle | Ki-Young Lee Bong-Jin Lee Structure, Biology, and Therapeutic Application of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria Toxins toxin–antitoxin system type II structure–function correlation pathogenic bacteria novel antibiotic target |
| title | Structure, Biology, and Therapeutic Application of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria |
| title_full | Structure, Biology, and Therapeutic Application of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria |
| title_fullStr | Structure, Biology, and Therapeutic Application of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structure, Biology, and Therapeutic Application of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria |
| title_short | Structure, Biology, and Therapeutic Application of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria |
| title_sort | structure biology and therapeutic application of toxin antitoxin systems in pathogenic bacteria |
| topic | toxin–antitoxin system type II structure–function correlation pathogenic bacteria novel antibiotic target |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/10/305 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kiyounglee structurebiologyandtherapeuticapplicationoftoxinantitoxinsystemsinpathogenicbacteria AT bongjinlee structurebiologyandtherapeuticapplicationoftoxinantitoxinsystemsinpathogenicbacteria |