Influence of Brainstem’s Area A5 on Sympathetic Outflow and Cardiorespiratory Dynamics
Area A5 is a noradrenergic cell group in the brain stem characterised by its important role in triggering sympathetic activity, exerting a profound influence on the sympathetic outflow, which is instrumental in the modulation of cardiovascular functions, stress responses and various other physiologi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/3/161 |
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| author | Isabel Rocha Marta González-García Laura Carrillo-Franco Marc Stefan Dawid-Milner Manuel Victor López-González |
| author_facet | Isabel Rocha Marta González-García Laura Carrillo-Franco Marc Stefan Dawid-Milner Manuel Victor López-González |
| author_sort | Isabel Rocha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Area A5 is a noradrenergic cell group in the brain stem characterised by its important role in triggering sympathetic activity, exerting a profound influence on the sympathetic outflow, which is instrumental in the modulation of cardiovascular functions, stress responses and various other physiological processes that are crucial for adaptation and survival mechanisms. Understanding the role of area A5, therefore, not only provides insights into the basic functioning of the sympathetic nervous system but also sheds light on the neuronal basis of a number of autonomic responses. In this review, we look deeper into the specifics of area A5, exploring its anatomical connections, its neurochemical properties and the mechanisms by which it influences sympathetic nervous system activity and cardiorespiratory regulation and, thus, contributes to the overall dynamics of the autonomic function in regulating body homeostasis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:32:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8da5e6186d5044a8a6c13a8543d4bda5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:32:27Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-8da5e6186d5044a8a6c13a8543d4bda52024-03-27T13:22:08ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372024-03-0113316110.3390/biology13030161Influence of Brainstem’s Area A5 on Sympathetic Outflow and Cardiorespiratory DynamicsIsabel Rocha0Marta González-García1Laura Carrillo-Franco2Marc Stefan Dawid-Milner3Manuel Victor López-González4Lisbon School of Medicine and CCUL@Rise, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, PortugalDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29590 Malaga, SpainDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29590 Malaga, SpainDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29590 Malaga, SpainDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29590 Malaga, SpainArea A5 is a noradrenergic cell group in the brain stem characterised by its important role in triggering sympathetic activity, exerting a profound influence on the sympathetic outflow, which is instrumental in the modulation of cardiovascular functions, stress responses and various other physiological processes that are crucial for adaptation and survival mechanisms. Understanding the role of area A5, therefore, not only provides insights into the basic functioning of the sympathetic nervous system but also sheds light on the neuronal basis of a number of autonomic responses. In this review, we look deeper into the specifics of area A5, exploring its anatomical connections, its neurochemical properties and the mechanisms by which it influences sympathetic nervous system activity and cardiorespiratory regulation and, thus, contributes to the overall dynamics of the autonomic function in regulating body homeostasis.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/3/161area A5sympathetic nervous systemcardiovascular regulationbrainstem neurochemistryautonomic response |
| spellingShingle | Isabel Rocha Marta González-García Laura Carrillo-Franco Marc Stefan Dawid-Milner Manuel Victor López-González Influence of Brainstem’s Area A5 on Sympathetic Outflow and Cardiorespiratory Dynamics Biology area A5 sympathetic nervous system cardiovascular regulation brainstem neurochemistry autonomic response |
| title | Influence of Brainstem’s Area A5 on Sympathetic Outflow and Cardiorespiratory Dynamics |
| title_full | Influence of Brainstem’s Area A5 on Sympathetic Outflow and Cardiorespiratory Dynamics |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Brainstem’s Area A5 on Sympathetic Outflow and Cardiorespiratory Dynamics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Brainstem’s Area A5 on Sympathetic Outflow and Cardiorespiratory Dynamics |
| title_short | Influence of Brainstem’s Area A5 on Sympathetic Outflow and Cardiorespiratory Dynamics |
| title_sort | influence of brainstem s area a5 on sympathetic outflow and cardiorespiratory dynamics |
| topic | area A5 sympathetic nervous system cardiovascular regulation brainstem neurochemistry autonomic response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/3/161 |
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