Plasmodesmata-Dependent Intercellular Movement of Bacterial Effectors
Pathogenic microorganisms deliver protein effectors into host cells to suppress host immune responses. Recent findings reveal that phytopathogens manipulate the function of plant cell-to-cell communication channels known as plasmodesmata (PD) to promote diseases. Several bacterial and filamentous pa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.640277/full |
| _version_ | 1818445211621130240 |
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| author | Zhongpeng Li Haris Variz Yani Chen Su-Ling Liu Kyaw Aung |
| author_facet | Zhongpeng Li Haris Variz Yani Chen Su-Ling Liu Kyaw Aung |
| author_sort | Zhongpeng Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pathogenic microorganisms deliver protein effectors into host cells to suppress host immune responses. Recent findings reveal that phytopathogens manipulate the function of plant cell-to-cell communication channels known as plasmodesmata (PD) to promote diseases. Several bacterial and filamentous pathogen effectors have been shown to regulate PD in their host cells. A few effectors of filamentous pathogens have been reported to move from the infected cells to neighboring plant cells through PD; however, it is unclear whether bacterial effectors can traffic through PD in plants. In this study, we determined the intercellular movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 effectors between adjoining plant cells in Nicotiana benthamiana. We observed that at least 16 Pst DC3000 effectors have the capacity to move from transformed cells to the surrounding plant cells. The movement of the effectors is largely dependent on their molecular weights. The expression of PD regulators, Arabidopsis PD-located protein PDLP5 and PDLP7, leads to PD closure and inhibits the PD-dependent movement of a bacterial effector in N. benthamiana. Similarly, a 22-amino acid peptide of bacterial flagellin (flg22) treatment induces PD closure and suppresses the movement of a bacterial effector in N. benthamiana. Among the mobile effectors, HopAF1 and HopA1 are localized to the plasma membrane (PM) in plant cells. Interestingly, the PM association of HopAF1 does not negatively affect the PD-dependent movement. Together, our findings demonstrate that bacterial effectors are able to move intercellularly through PD in plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T19:28:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8dad210a8efd4997a962c5fd11f14a40 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T19:28:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-8dad210a8efd4997a962c5fd11f14a402022-12-21T22:50:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2021-03-011210.3389/fpls.2021.640277640277Plasmodesmata-Dependent Intercellular Movement of Bacterial EffectorsZhongpeng LiHaris VarizYani ChenSu-Ling LiuKyaw AungPathogenic microorganisms deliver protein effectors into host cells to suppress host immune responses. Recent findings reveal that phytopathogens manipulate the function of plant cell-to-cell communication channels known as plasmodesmata (PD) to promote diseases. Several bacterial and filamentous pathogen effectors have been shown to regulate PD in their host cells. A few effectors of filamentous pathogens have been reported to move from the infected cells to neighboring plant cells through PD; however, it is unclear whether bacterial effectors can traffic through PD in plants. In this study, we determined the intercellular movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 effectors between adjoining plant cells in Nicotiana benthamiana. We observed that at least 16 Pst DC3000 effectors have the capacity to move from transformed cells to the surrounding plant cells. The movement of the effectors is largely dependent on their molecular weights. The expression of PD regulators, Arabidopsis PD-located protein PDLP5 and PDLP7, leads to PD closure and inhibits the PD-dependent movement of a bacterial effector in N. benthamiana. Similarly, a 22-amino acid peptide of bacterial flagellin (flg22) treatment induces PD closure and suppresses the movement of a bacterial effector in N. benthamiana. Among the mobile effectors, HopAF1 and HopA1 are localized to the plasma membrane (PM) in plant cells. Interestingly, the PM association of HopAF1 does not negatively affect the PD-dependent movement. Together, our findings demonstrate that bacterial effectors are able to move intercellularly through PD in plants.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.640277/fullPseudomonas syringaeplasmodesmata-located proteinflg22calloseNicotiana benthamiana |
| spellingShingle | Zhongpeng Li Haris Variz Yani Chen Su-Ling Liu Kyaw Aung Plasmodesmata-Dependent Intercellular Movement of Bacterial Effectors Frontiers in Plant Science Pseudomonas syringae plasmodesmata-located protein flg22 callose Nicotiana benthamiana |
| title | Plasmodesmata-Dependent Intercellular Movement of Bacterial Effectors |
| title_full | Plasmodesmata-Dependent Intercellular Movement of Bacterial Effectors |
| title_fullStr | Plasmodesmata-Dependent Intercellular Movement of Bacterial Effectors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasmodesmata-Dependent Intercellular Movement of Bacterial Effectors |
| title_short | Plasmodesmata-Dependent Intercellular Movement of Bacterial Effectors |
| title_sort | plasmodesmata dependent intercellular movement of bacterial effectors |
| topic | Pseudomonas syringae plasmodesmata-located protein flg22 callose Nicotiana benthamiana |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.640277/full |
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