Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination
Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) and barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) are the cereal species differing in tolerance to oxygen deficiency. To understand metabolic differences determining the sensitivity to low oxygen, we germinated rice and barley seeds and studied changes in t...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2456 |
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| author | Jayamini Jayawardhane M. K. Pabasari S. Wijesinghe Natalia V. Bykova Abir U. Igamberdiev |
| author_facet | Jayamini Jayawardhane M. K. Pabasari S. Wijesinghe Natalia V. Bykova Abir U. Igamberdiev |
| author_sort | Jayamini Jayawardhane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) and barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) are the cereal species differing in tolerance to oxygen deficiency. To understand metabolic differences determining the sensitivity to low oxygen, we germinated rice and barley seeds and studied changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), activities of the enzymes involved in their scavenging, and measured cell damage parameters. The results show that alcohol dehydrogenase activity was higher in rice than in barley embryos providing efficient anaerobic fermentation. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were also higher in rice embryos indicating higher NO turnover. Both fermentation and NO turnover can explain higher ATP/ADP ratio values in rice embryos as compared to barley. Rice embryos were characterized by higher activity of <i>S</i>-nitrosoglutathione reductase than in barley and a higher level of free thiols in proteins. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase) in imbibed embryos were higher in rice than in barley, which corresponded to the reduced levels of ROS, malonic dialdehyde and electrolyte leakage. The observed differences in metabolic changes in embryos of the two cereal species differing in tolerance to hypoxia can partly explain the adaptation of rice to low oxygen environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:07:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8db360da16d2400a84aa5631a239074c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:07:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-8db360da16d2400a84aa5631a239074c2023-11-23T01:06:03ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-11-011011245610.3390/plants10112456Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of GerminationJayamini Jayawardhane0M. K. Pabasari S. Wijesinghe1Natalia V. Bykova2Abir U. Igamberdiev3Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, CanadaMorden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, CanadaRice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) and barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) are the cereal species differing in tolerance to oxygen deficiency. To understand metabolic differences determining the sensitivity to low oxygen, we germinated rice and barley seeds and studied changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), activities of the enzymes involved in their scavenging, and measured cell damage parameters. The results show that alcohol dehydrogenase activity was higher in rice than in barley embryos providing efficient anaerobic fermentation. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were also higher in rice embryos indicating higher NO turnover. Both fermentation and NO turnover can explain higher ATP/ADP ratio values in rice embryos as compared to barley. Rice embryos were characterized by higher activity of <i>S</i>-nitrosoglutathione reductase than in barley and a higher level of free thiols in proteins. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase) in imbibed embryos were higher in rice than in barley, which corresponded to the reduced levels of ROS, malonic dialdehyde and electrolyte leakage. The observed differences in metabolic changes in embryos of the two cereal species differing in tolerance to hypoxia can partly explain the adaptation of rice to low oxygen environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2456<i>Oryza sativa</i><i>Hordeum vulgare</i>hypoxia tolerancenitric oxideimbibitionreactive oxygen species |
| spellingShingle | Jayamini Jayawardhane M. K. Pabasari S. Wijesinghe Natalia V. Bykova Abir U. Igamberdiev Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination Plants <i>Oryza sativa</i> <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> hypoxia tolerance nitric oxide imbibition reactive oxygen species |
| title | Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination |
| title_full | Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination |
| title_short | Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination |
| title_sort | metabolic changes in seed embryos of hypoxia tolerant rice and hypoxia sensitive barley at the onset of germination |
| topic | <i>Oryza sativa</i> <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> hypoxia tolerance nitric oxide imbibition reactive oxygen species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2456 |
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