Mechanisms of Sperm–Egg Interactions: What Ascidian Fertilization Research Has Taught Us
Fertilization is an essential process in terrestrial organisms for creating a new organism with genetic diversity. Before gamete fusion, several steps are required to achieve successful fertilization. Animal spermatozoa are first activated and attracted to the eggs by egg-derived chemoattractants. D...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/13/2096 |
| _version_ | 1827655080888762368 |
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| author | Hitoshi Sawada Takako Saito |
| author_facet | Hitoshi Sawada Takako Saito |
| author_sort | Hitoshi Sawada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fertilization is an essential process in terrestrial organisms for creating a new organism with genetic diversity. Before gamete fusion, several steps are required to achieve successful fertilization. Animal spermatozoa are first activated and attracted to the eggs by egg-derived chemoattractants. During the sperm passage of the egg’s extracellular matrix or upon the sperm binding to the proteinaceous egg coat, the sperm undergoes an acrosome reaction, an exocytosis of acrosome. In hermaphrodites such as ascidians, the self/nonself recognition process occurs when the sperm binds to the egg coat. The activated or acrosome-reacted spermatozoa penetrate through the proteinaceous egg coat. The extracellular ubiquitin–proteasome system, the astacin-like metalloproteases, and the trypsin-like proteases play key roles in this process in ascidians. In the present review, we summarize our current understanding and perspectives on gamete recognition and egg coat lysins in ascidians and consider the general mechanisms of fertilization in animals and plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:00:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8dba610d7d6846d0923bc06537ae6303 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:00:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-8dba610d7d6846d0923bc06537ae63032023-11-23T19:49:26ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-07-011113209610.3390/cells11132096Mechanisms of Sperm–Egg Interactions: What Ascidian Fertilization Research Has Taught UsHitoshi Sawada0Takako Saito1Department of Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, JapanDepartment of Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, JapanFertilization is an essential process in terrestrial organisms for creating a new organism with genetic diversity. Before gamete fusion, several steps are required to achieve successful fertilization. Animal spermatozoa are first activated and attracted to the eggs by egg-derived chemoattractants. During the sperm passage of the egg’s extracellular matrix or upon the sperm binding to the proteinaceous egg coat, the sperm undergoes an acrosome reaction, an exocytosis of acrosome. In hermaphrodites such as ascidians, the self/nonself recognition process occurs when the sperm binds to the egg coat. The activated or acrosome-reacted spermatozoa penetrate through the proteinaceous egg coat. The extracellular ubiquitin–proteasome system, the astacin-like metalloproteases, and the trypsin-like proteases play key roles in this process in ascidians. In the present review, we summarize our current understanding and perspectives on gamete recognition and egg coat lysins in ascidians and consider the general mechanisms of fertilization in animals and plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/13/2096spermfertilizationubiquitinproteasomemetalloproteaselysin |
| spellingShingle | Hitoshi Sawada Takako Saito Mechanisms of Sperm–Egg Interactions: What Ascidian Fertilization Research Has Taught Us Cells sperm fertilization ubiquitin proteasome metalloprotease lysin |
| title | Mechanisms of Sperm–Egg Interactions: What Ascidian Fertilization Research Has Taught Us |
| title_full | Mechanisms of Sperm–Egg Interactions: What Ascidian Fertilization Research Has Taught Us |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of Sperm–Egg Interactions: What Ascidian Fertilization Research Has Taught Us |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of Sperm–Egg Interactions: What Ascidian Fertilization Research Has Taught Us |
| title_short | Mechanisms of Sperm–Egg Interactions: What Ascidian Fertilization Research Has Taught Us |
| title_sort | mechanisms of sperm egg interactions what ascidian fertilization research has taught us |
| topic | sperm fertilization ubiquitin proteasome metalloprotease lysin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/13/2096 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hitoshisawada mechanismsofspermegginteractionswhatascidianfertilizationresearchhastaughtus AT takakosaito mechanismsofspermegginteractionswhatascidianfertilizationresearchhastaughtus |