Uptake and Immunomodulatory Properties of Betanin, Vulgaxanthin I and Indicaxanthin towards Caco-2 Intestinal Cells
The present study aimed to compare the absorption and transport patterns of three main betalains, betanin, vulgaxanthin I and indicaxanthin, into intestinal epithelial cells and to assess their distinct molecular effects on inflammatory and redox-related cell signalling in association with their rad...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/8/1627 |
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| author | Yunqing Wang Ganwarige Sumali N. Fernando Natalia N. Sergeeva Nikolaos Vagkidis Victor Chechik Thuy Do Lisa J. Marshall Christine Boesch |
| author_facet | Yunqing Wang Ganwarige Sumali N. Fernando Natalia N. Sergeeva Nikolaos Vagkidis Victor Chechik Thuy Do Lisa J. Marshall Christine Boesch |
| author_sort | Yunqing Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study aimed to compare the absorption and transport patterns of three main betalains, betanin, vulgaxanthin I and indicaxanthin, into intestinal epithelial cells and to assess their distinct molecular effects on inflammatory and redox-related cell signalling in association with their radial scavenging potencies. All three betalains showed anti-inflammatory effects (5–80 μM), reflected by attenuated transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO-synthase. Concomitant increases in antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 were only observed for betanin. Moreover, betanin uniquely demonstrated a potent dose-dependent radical scavenging activity in EPR and cell-based assays. Results also indicated overall low permeability for the three betalains with <i>P</i><sub>app</sub> of 4.2–8.9 × 10<sup>−7</sup> cm s<sup>−1</sup>. Higher absorption intensities of vulgaxanthin and indicaxanthin may be attributed to smaller molecular sizes and greater lipophilicity. In conclusion, betanin, vulgaxanthin I and indicaxanthin have differentially contributed to lowering inflammatory markers and mitigating oxidative stress, implying the potential to ameliorate inflammatory intestinal disease. Compared with two betaxanthins, the greater efficacy of betanin in scavenging radical and promoting antioxidant response might, to some extent, compensate for its poorer absorption efficiency, as demonstrated by the Caco-2 cell model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:45:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8dc083fd43c54367a7491e64ce424515 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:45:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-8dc083fd43c54367a7491e64ce4245152023-12-03T13:16:20ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-08-01118162710.3390/antiox11081627Uptake and Immunomodulatory Properties of Betanin, Vulgaxanthin I and Indicaxanthin towards Caco-2 Intestinal CellsYunqing Wang0Ganwarige Sumali N. Fernando1Natalia N. Sergeeva2Nikolaos Vagkidis3Victor Chechik4Thuy Do5Lisa J. Marshall6Christine Boesch7School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKSchool of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKSchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UKSchool of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UKSchool of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKSchool of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKThe present study aimed to compare the absorption and transport patterns of three main betalains, betanin, vulgaxanthin I and indicaxanthin, into intestinal epithelial cells and to assess their distinct molecular effects on inflammatory and redox-related cell signalling in association with their radial scavenging potencies. All three betalains showed anti-inflammatory effects (5–80 μM), reflected by attenuated transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO-synthase. Concomitant increases in antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 were only observed for betanin. Moreover, betanin uniquely demonstrated a potent dose-dependent radical scavenging activity in EPR and cell-based assays. Results also indicated overall low permeability for the three betalains with <i>P</i><sub>app</sub> of 4.2–8.9 × 10<sup>−7</sup> cm s<sup>−1</sup>. Higher absorption intensities of vulgaxanthin and indicaxanthin may be attributed to smaller molecular sizes and greater lipophilicity. In conclusion, betanin, vulgaxanthin I and indicaxanthin have differentially contributed to lowering inflammatory markers and mitigating oxidative stress, implying the potential to ameliorate inflammatory intestinal disease. Compared with two betaxanthins, the greater efficacy of betanin in scavenging radical and promoting antioxidant response might, to some extent, compensate for its poorer absorption efficiency, as demonstrated by the Caco-2 cell model.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/8/1627betalainsavailabilityintestinal uptakeinflammationantioxidantCaco-2 cells |
| spellingShingle | Yunqing Wang Ganwarige Sumali N. Fernando Natalia N. Sergeeva Nikolaos Vagkidis Victor Chechik Thuy Do Lisa J. Marshall Christine Boesch Uptake and Immunomodulatory Properties of Betanin, Vulgaxanthin I and Indicaxanthin towards Caco-2 Intestinal Cells Antioxidants betalains availability intestinal uptake inflammation antioxidant Caco-2 cells |
| title | Uptake and Immunomodulatory Properties of Betanin, Vulgaxanthin I and Indicaxanthin towards Caco-2 Intestinal Cells |
| title_full | Uptake and Immunomodulatory Properties of Betanin, Vulgaxanthin I and Indicaxanthin towards Caco-2 Intestinal Cells |
| title_fullStr | Uptake and Immunomodulatory Properties of Betanin, Vulgaxanthin I and Indicaxanthin towards Caco-2 Intestinal Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Uptake and Immunomodulatory Properties of Betanin, Vulgaxanthin I and Indicaxanthin towards Caco-2 Intestinal Cells |
| title_short | Uptake and Immunomodulatory Properties of Betanin, Vulgaxanthin I and Indicaxanthin towards Caco-2 Intestinal Cells |
| title_sort | uptake and immunomodulatory properties of betanin vulgaxanthin i and indicaxanthin towards caco 2 intestinal cells |
| topic | betalains availability intestinal uptake inflammation antioxidant Caco-2 cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/8/1627 |
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