Fully automated deep learning models with smartphone applicability for prediction of pain using the Feline Grimace Scale
Abstract This study used deep neural networks and machine learning models to predict facial landmark positions and pain scores using the Feline Grimace Scale© (FGS). A total of 3447 face images of cats were annotated with 37 landmarks. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) were trained and selected ac...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49031-2 |