Condensin-mediated chromosome organization and gene regulation
In many organisms sexual fate is determined by a chromosome-based method which entails a difference in sex chromosome-linked gene dosage. Consequently, a gene regulatory mechanism called dosage compensation equalizes X-linked gene expression between the sexes. Dosage compensation initiates as cells...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2014.00473/full |
| _version_ | 1819091130602487808 |
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| author | Alyssa Christine Lau Gyorgyi eCsankovszki |
| author_facet | Alyssa Christine Lau Gyorgyi eCsankovszki |
| author_sort | Alyssa Christine Lau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In many organisms sexual fate is determined by a chromosome-based method which entails a difference in sex chromosome-linked gene dosage. Consequently, a gene regulatory mechanism called dosage compensation equalizes X-linked gene expression between the sexes. Dosage compensation initiates as cells transition from pluripotency to differentiation. In C. elegans, dosage compensation is achieved by the dosage compensation complex (DCC) binding to both X chromosomes in hermaphrodites to downregulate gene expression by two fold. The DCC contains a subcomplex (condensin IDC) similar to the evolutionarily conserved condensin complexes which play a fundamental role in chromosome dynamics during mitosis. Therefore, mechanisms related to mitotic chromosome condensation are hypothesized to mediate dosage compensation. Consistent with this hypothesis, monomethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20) is increased, whereas acetylation of histone H4 lysine 16 (H4K16) is decreased, both on mitotic chromosomes and on interphase dosage compensated X chromosomes in worms. These observations suggest that interphase dosage compensated X chromosomes maintain some characteristics associated with condensed mitotic chromosome. This chromosome state is stably propagated from one cell generation to the next. In this review we will speculate on how the biochemical activities of condensin can achieve both mitotic chromosome compaction and gene repression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:34:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8dc7c2060a19455f971e711f6a44137b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:34:50Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8dc7c2060a19455f971e711f6a44137b2022-12-21T18:47:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212015-01-01510.3389/fgene.2014.00473124702Condensin-mediated chromosome organization and gene regulationAlyssa Christine Lau0Gyorgyi eCsankovszki1University of MichiganUniversity of MichiganIn many organisms sexual fate is determined by a chromosome-based method which entails a difference in sex chromosome-linked gene dosage. Consequently, a gene regulatory mechanism called dosage compensation equalizes X-linked gene expression between the sexes. Dosage compensation initiates as cells transition from pluripotency to differentiation. In C. elegans, dosage compensation is achieved by the dosage compensation complex (DCC) binding to both X chromosomes in hermaphrodites to downregulate gene expression by two fold. The DCC contains a subcomplex (condensin IDC) similar to the evolutionarily conserved condensin complexes which play a fundamental role in chromosome dynamics during mitosis. Therefore, mechanisms related to mitotic chromosome condensation are hypothesized to mediate dosage compensation. Consistent with this hypothesis, monomethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20) is increased, whereas acetylation of histone H4 lysine 16 (H4K16) is decreased, both on mitotic chromosomes and on interphase dosage compensated X chromosomes in worms. These observations suggest that interphase dosage compensated X chromosomes maintain some characteristics associated with condensed mitotic chromosome. This chromosome state is stably propagated from one cell generation to the next. In this review we will speculate on how the biochemical activities of condensin can achieve both mitotic chromosome compaction and gene repression.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2014.00473/fullCaenorhabditis elegansGene Expressionepigeneticsdosage compensationCondensinChromosome condensation |
| spellingShingle | Alyssa Christine Lau Gyorgyi eCsankovszki Condensin-mediated chromosome organization and gene regulation Frontiers in Genetics Caenorhabditis elegans Gene Expression epigenetics dosage compensation Condensin Chromosome condensation |
| title | Condensin-mediated chromosome organization and gene regulation |
| title_full | Condensin-mediated chromosome organization and gene regulation |
| title_fullStr | Condensin-mediated chromosome organization and gene regulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Condensin-mediated chromosome organization and gene regulation |
| title_short | Condensin-mediated chromosome organization and gene regulation |
| title_sort | condensin mediated chromosome organization and gene regulation |
| topic | Caenorhabditis elegans Gene Expression epigenetics dosage compensation Condensin Chromosome condensation |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2014.00473/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alyssachristinelau condensinmediatedchromosomeorganizationandgeneregulation AT gyorgyiecsankovszki condensinmediatedchromosomeorganizationandgeneregulation |