Bird Assemblages in Coffee Agroforestry Systems and Other Human Modified Habitats in Indonesia
Deforestation in the tropics is mainly driven by the need to expand agriculture and forestry land. Tropical cropland has also undergone a process of intensification, particularly evident in regions that are the main exporters of deforestation-driven commodities. Around 25 million people in the world...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/2/310 |
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| author | Muhammad Ali Imron Marco Campera Dennis Al Bihad Farah Dini Rachmawati Febrian Edi Nugroho Budiadi Budiadi K. Fajar Wianti Edi Suprapto Vincent Nijman K.A.I. Nekaris |
| author_facet | Muhammad Ali Imron Marco Campera Dennis Al Bihad Farah Dini Rachmawati Febrian Edi Nugroho Budiadi Budiadi K. Fajar Wianti Edi Suprapto Vincent Nijman K.A.I. Nekaris |
| author_sort | Muhammad Ali Imron |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Deforestation in the tropics is mainly driven by the need to expand agriculture and forestry land. Tropical cropland has also undergone a process of intensification, particularly evident in regions that are the main exporters of deforestation-driven commodities. Around 25 million people in the world depend on coffee production, which has a profound contribution to global biodiversity loss through agricultural extensification and intensification. Nevertheless, coffee agroforestry systems have been postulated to serve as an alternative refuge for biodiversity across different regions. We aim to compare bird abundance, diversity, and richness in commercial polyculture coffee systems (i.e., the highest degree of habitat complexity that can be achieved in coffee fields after deforestation) with other coffee agroforestry systems and human modified habitats in Java, Indonesia. We collected data in 21 sites (1228 points) on Java from February to August 2021 using the point sampling method. Via generalised additive models, we tested whether the abundance, diversity, and richness of birds were different between different human modified habitats including other potential predictors such as elevation, distance to protected areas, shade tree richness, and plant diversity. Using the non-metric multidimensional scaling, we tested whether there was a difference in terms of the composition of foraging guilds between habitats. Commercial polyculture coffee fields can sustain levels of bird abundance, diversity, and richness comparable to agroforestry systems under natural forest, and higher than sun coffee and shaded monoculture coffee, and of other human modified habitats such as crop/fruit fields and tree farms. Coffee agroforestry systems have a higher proportion of nectarivores, insectivores, and frugivores than other systems that can sustain high diversity and richness of birds such as paddy fields that mainly have granivores and carnivores. Complex polycultures can represent an avenue for the future of sustainable agriculture in conditions where deforestation rates are high and in crops such as coffee, which maintain high yield in the presence of diverse shade. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:33:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8dd0389795f144c1ba85cbde3d3089e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:33:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-8dd0389795f144c1ba85cbde3d3089e92023-11-23T18:51:15ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-02-0111231010.3390/biology11020310Bird Assemblages in Coffee Agroforestry Systems and Other Human Modified Habitats in IndonesiaMuhammad Ali Imron0Marco Campera1Dennis Al Bihad2Farah Dini Rachmawati3Febrian Edi Nugroho4Budiadi Budiadi5K. Fajar Wianti6Edi Suprapto7Vincent Nijman8K.A.I. Nekaris9Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gajah Madah, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaSustainable and Resilient Futures Network, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UKFaculty of Forestry, Universitas Gajah Madah, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaFaculty of Forestry, Universitas Gajah Madah, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaFaculty of Forestry, Universitas Gajah Madah, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaFaculty of Forestry, Universitas Gajah Madah, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaFaculty of Forestry, Universitas Gajah Madah, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaARuPA, Yogyakarta 55284, IndonesiaSustainable and Resilient Futures Network, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UKSustainable and Resilient Futures Network, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UKDeforestation in the tropics is mainly driven by the need to expand agriculture and forestry land. Tropical cropland has also undergone a process of intensification, particularly evident in regions that are the main exporters of deforestation-driven commodities. Around 25 million people in the world depend on coffee production, which has a profound contribution to global biodiversity loss through agricultural extensification and intensification. Nevertheless, coffee agroforestry systems have been postulated to serve as an alternative refuge for biodiversity across different regions. We aim to compare bird abundance, diversity, and richness in commercial polyculture coffee systems (i.e., the highest degree of habitat complexity that can be achieved in coffee fields after deforestation) with other coffee agroforestry systems and human modified habitats in Java, Indonesia. We collected data in 21 sites (1228 points) on Java from February to August 2021 using the point sampling method. Via generalised additive models, we tested whether the abundance, diversity, and richness of birds were different between different human modified habitats including other potential predictors such as elevation, distance to protected areas, shade tree richness, and plant diversity. Using the non-metric multidimensional scaling, we tested whether there was a difference in terms of the composition of foraging guilds between habitats. Commercial polyculture coffee fields can sustain levels of bird abundance, diversity, and richness comparable to agroforestry systems under natural forest, and higher than sun coffee and shaded monoculture coffee, and of other human modified habitats such as crop/fruit fields and tree farms. Coffee agroforestry systems have a higher proportion of nectarivores, insectivores, and frugivores than other systems that can sustain high diversity and richness of birds such as paddy fields that mainly have granivores and carnivores. Complex polycultures can represent an avenue for the future of sustainable agriculture in conditions where deforestation rates are high and in crops such as coffee, which maintain high yield in the presence of diverse shade.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/2/310shade grown coffeebiodiversityJavaforest conservationavianwildlife-friendly |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Ali Imron Marco Campera Dennis Al Bihad Farah Dini Rachmawati Febrian Edi Nugroho Budiadi Budiadi K. Fajar Wianti Edi Suprapto Vincent Nijman K.A.I. Nekaris Bird Assemblages in Coffee Agroforestry Systems and Other Human Modified Habitats in Indonesia Biology shade grown coffee biodiversity Java forest conservation avian wildlife-friendly |
| title | Bird Assemblages in Coffee Agroforestry Systems and Other Human Modified Habitats in Indonesia |
| title_full | Bird Assemblages in Coffee Agroforestry Systems and Other Human Modified Habitats in Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Bird Assemblages in Coffee Agroforestry Systems and Other Human Modified Habitats in Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bird Assemblages in Coffee Agroforestry Systems and Other Human Modified Habitats in Indonesia |
| title_short | Bird Assemblages in Coffee Agroforestry Systems and Other Human Modified Habitats in Indonesia |
| title_sort | bird assemblages in coffee agroforestry systems and other human modified habitats in indonesia |
| topic | shade grown coffee biodiversity Java forest conservation avian wildlife-friendly |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/2/310 |
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