| Summary: | Adequate exercise is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle and preventing ageing-related diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between exercise and glaucoma, as well as exercise and intraocular pressure (IOP) levels. This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008–2012, which in total included 10,243 men aged ≥40 years. The presence of glaucoma and the higher IOP of each eye (IOPmax) taken from the health examination survey and the ophthalmic examination were used for analyses. A questionnaire was used to assess exercise activity, which was analysed regarding intensity, frequency, and duration. Regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of exercise parameters with the odds of glaucoma and IOPmax. The prevalence of glaucoma was significantly lower in men who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise compared to those who did not exercise (<i>p</i> = 0.012). The odds for glaucoma were the lowest in men engaged in vigorous intensity exercise (<i>p</i> = 0.009). However, IOPmax was highest in the vigorous intensity exercise group (<i>p</i> = 0.026) with no linear trend pattern. These results suggest that exercise decreased the odds of glaucoma via several factors including non-IOP mechanisms.
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