Nano-Sheet-like Morphology of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Oxide-Grafted Manganese Oxide and Polypyrrole Composite for Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant Detection
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have inflicted monumental damage to human lives from World War I to modern warfare in the form of armed conflict, terrorist attacks, and civil wars. Is it possible to detect the CWAs early and prevent the loss of human lives? To answer this research question, we synthe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/17/2965 |
| _version_ | 1827665412475584512 |
|---|---|
| author | Sanjeeb Lama Bong-Gyu Bae Sivalingam Ramesh Young-Jun Lee Namjin Kim Joo-Hyung Kim |
| author_facet | Sanjeeb Lama Bong-Gyu Bae Sivalingam Ramesh Young-Jun Lee Namjin Kim Joo-Hyung Kim |
| author_sort | Sanjeeb Lama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have inflicted monumental damage to human lives from World War I to modern warfare in the form of armed conflict, terrorist attacks, and civil wars. Is it possible to detect the CWAs early and prevent the loss of human lives? To answer this research question, we synthesized hybrid composite materials to sense CWAs using hydrothermal and thermal reduction processes. The synthesized hybrid composite materials were evaluated with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors as detectors. The main findings from this study are: (1) For a low dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) concentration of 25 ppm, manganese dioxide nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub>) and NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub>/Polypyrrole (PPy) showed the sensitivities of 7 and 51 Hz for the QCM sensor and 146 and 98 Hz for the SAW sensor. (2) NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub> and NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub>/PPy showed sensitivities of more than 50-fold in the QCM sensor and 100-fold in the SAW sensor between DMMP and potential interferences. (3) NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub> and NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub>/PPy showed coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.992 and 0.975 for the QCM sensor and 0.979 and 0.989 for the SAW sensor. (4) NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub> and NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub>/PPy showed repeatability of 7.00 ± 0.55 and 47.29 ± 2.69 Hz in the QCM sensor and 656.37 ± 73.96 and 665.83 ± 77.50 Hz in the SAW sensor. Based on these unique findings, we propose NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub> and NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub>/PPy as potential candidate materials that could be used to detect CWAs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:27:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8dd66b3a6346401fbbabe374b2a5ca82 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:27:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-8dd66b3a6346401fbbabe374b2a5ca822023-11-23T13:48:37ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-08-011217296510.3390/nano12172965Nano-Sheet-like Morphology of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Oxide-Grafted Manganese Oxide and Polypyrrole Composite for Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant DetectionSanjeeb Lama0Bong-Gyu Bae1Sivalingam Ramesh2Young-Jun Lee3Namjin Kim4Joo-Hyung Kim5Laboratory of Intelligent Devices and Thermal Control, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, KoreaLaboratory of Intelligent Devices and Thermal Control, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, KoreaDepartment of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, KoreaLaboratory of Intelligent Devices and Thermal Control, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, KoreaLaboratory of Intelligent Devices and Thermal Control, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, KoreaChemical warfare agents (CWAs) have inflicted monumental damage to human lives from World War I to modern warfare in the form of armed conflict, terrorist attacks, and civil wars. Is it possible to detect the CWAs early and prevent the loss of human lives? To answer this research question, we synthesized hybrid composite materials to sense CWAs using hydrothermal and thermal reduction processes. The synthesized hybrid composite materials were evaluated with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors as detectors. The main findings from this study are: (1) For a low dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) concentration of 25 ppm, manganese dioxide nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub>) and NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub>/Polypyrrole (PPy) showed the sensitivities of 7 and 51 Hz for the QCM sensor and 146 and 98 Hz for the SAW sensor. (2) NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub> and NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub>/PPy showed sensitivities of more than 50-fold in the QCM sensor and 100-fold in the SAW sensor between DMMP and potential interferences. (3) NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub> and NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub>/PPy showed coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.992 and 0.975 for the QCM sensor and 0.979 and 0.989 for the SAW sensor. (4) NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub> and NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub>/PPy showed repeatability of 7.00 ± 0.55 and 47.29 ± 2.69 Hz in the QCM sensor and 656.37 ± 73.96 and 665.83 ± 77.50 Hz in the SAW sensor. Based on these unique findings, we propose NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub> and NGO@MnO<sub>2</sub>/PPy as potential candidate materials that could be used to detect CWAs.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/17/2965chemical warfare agents (CWAs)quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)surface acoustic wave (SAW)dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP)volatile compounds (VOCs) |
| spellingShingle | Sanjeeb Lama Bong-Gyu Bae Sivalingam Ramesh Young-Jun Lee Namjin Kim Joo-Hyung Kim Nano-Sheet-like Morphology of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Oxide-Grafted Manganese Oxide and Polypyrrole Composite for Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant Detection Nanomaterials chemical warfare agents (CWAs) quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) surface acoustic wave (SAW) dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) volatile compounds (VOCs) |
| title | Nano-Sheet-like Morphology of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Oxide-Grafted Manganese Oxide and Polypyrrole Composite for Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant Detection |
| title_full | Nano-Sheet-like Morphology of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Oxide-Grafted Manganese Oxide and Polypyrrole Composite for Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant Detection |
| title_fullStr | Nano-Sheet-like Morphology of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Oxide-Grafted Manganese Oxide and Polypyrrole Composite for Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant Detection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nano-Sheet-like Morphology of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Oxide-Grafted Manganese Oxide and Polypyrrole Composite for Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant Detection |
| title_short | Nano-Sheet-like Morphology of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Oxide-Grafted Manganese Oxide and Polypyrrole Composite for Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant Detection |
| title_sort | nano sheet like morphology of nitrogen doped graphene oxide grafted manganese oxide and polypyrrole composite for chemical warfare agent simulant detection |
| topic | chemical warfare agents (CWAs) quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) surface acoustic wave (SAW) dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) volatile compounds (VOCs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/17/2965 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sanjeeblama nanosheetlikemorphologyofnitrogendopedgrapheneoxidegraftedmanganeseoxideandpolypyrrolecompositeforchemicalwarfareagentsimulantdetection AT bonggyubae nanosheetlikemorphologyofnitrogendopedgrapheneoxidegraftedmanganeseoxideandpolypyrrolecompositeforchemicalwarfareagentsimulantdetection AT sivalingamramesh nanosheetlikemorphologyofnitrogendopedgrapheneoxidegraftedmanganeseoxideandpolypyrrolecompositeforchemicalwarfareagentsimulantdetection AT youngjunlee nanosheetlikemorphologyofnitrogendopedgrapheneoxidegraftedmanganeseoxideandpolypyrrolecompositeforchemicalwarfareagentsimulantdetection AT namjinkim nanosheetlikemorphologyofnitrogendopedgrapheneoxidegraftedmanganeseoxideandpolypyrrolecompositeforchemicalwarfareagentsimulantdetection AT joohyungkim nanosheetlikemorphologyofnitrogendopedgrapheneoxidegraftedmanganeseoxideandpolypyrrolecompositeforchemicalwarfareagentsimulantdetection |