Association between γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titers among BNT162b2 Vaccine Recipients
Background: Increased γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels can deplete plasma glutathione, which in turn impairs immune regulation; however, evidence on GGT levels and post-vaccine immunogenicity is lacking. Objective: To examine the association between GGT and SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies. Met...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/12/2142 |
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| author | Zobida Islam Shohei Yamamoto Tetsuya Mizoue Yusuke Oshiro Natsumi Inamura Takeshi Nemoto Maki Konishi Mitsuru Ozeki Wataru Sugiura Norio Ohmagari |
| author_facet | Zobida Islam Shohei Yamamoto Tetsuya Mizoue Yusuke Oshiro Natsumi Inamura Takeshi Nemoto Maki Konishi Mitsuru Ozeki Wataru Sugiura Norio Ohmagari |
| author_sort | Zobida Islam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Increased γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels can deplete plasma glutathione, which in turn impairs immune regulation; however, evidence on GGT levels and post-vaccine immunogenicity is lacking. Objective: To examine the association between GGT and SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies. Methods: Participants were 1479 medical staff (aged 21 to 75 years) who received a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test after their second vaccine and whose GGT levels were measured before the vaccine rollout. Elevated and highly elevated GGT levels were defined as 51–80 and ≥81 U/L, respectively. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate the means of SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG. Results: In a basic model, both elevated and highly elevated GGT levels were associated with significantly lower antibody titers. The ratio of mean (95% CI) was 0.83 (0.72–0.97) and 0.69 (0.57–0.84) for elevated and highly elevated GGT levels, respectively. However, these associations were largely attenuated after additional adjustment for potential confounders. An inverse association between GGT levels and antibody titers was found in women [0.70 (0.51–0.97)], normal-weight adults [0.71 (0.51–0.98)], and non-drinkers [0.73 (0.46–1.14)] but not in men, overweight adults, and alcohol drinkers. Conclusions: Circulating GGT concentrations were associated with the humoral immune response after COVID-19 vaccination, but this relationship could be ascribed to confounders such as sex, BMI, and alcohol drinking rather than GGT per se. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:45:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8dd68f34df90417fa811267e02a2ac71 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:45:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-8dd68f34df90417fa811267e02a2ac712023-11-24T18:33:30ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-12-011012214210.3390/vaccines10122142Association between γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titers among BNT162b2 Vaccine RecipientsZobida Islam0Shohei Yamamoto1Tetsuya Mizoue2Yusuke Oshiro3Natsumi Inamura4Takeshi Nemoto5Maki Konishi6Mitsuru Ozeki7Wataru Sugiura8Norio Ohmagari9Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8655, JapanDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8655, JapanDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8655, JapanDepartment of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, JapanDepartment of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, JapanDepartment of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, JapanDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8655, JapanDepartment of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, JapanCenter for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, JapanCenter Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, JapanBackground: Increased γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels can deplete plasma glutathione, which in turn impairs immune regulation; however, evidence on GGT levels and post-vaccine immunogenicity is lacking. Objective: To examine the association between GGT and SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies. Methods: Participants were 1479 medical staff (aged 21 to 75 years) who received a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test after their second vaccine and whose GGT levels were measured before the vaccine rollout. Elevated and highly elevated GGT levels were defined as 51–80 and ≥81 U/L, respectively. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate the means of SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG. Results: In a basic model, both elevated and highly elevated GGT levels were associated with significantly lower antibody titers. The ratio of mean (95% CI) was 0.83 (0.72–0.97) and 0.69 (0.57–0.84) for elevated and highly elevated GGT levels, respectively. However, these associations were largely attenuated after additional adjustment for potential confounders. An inverse association between GGT levels and antibody titers was found in women [0.70 (0.51–0.97)], normal-weight adults [0.71 (0.51–0.98)], and non-drinkers [0.73 (0.46–1.14)] but not in men, overweight adults, and alcohol drinkers. Conclusions: Circulating GGT concentrations were associated with the humoral immune response after COVID-19 vaccination, but this relationship could be ascribed to confounders such as sex, BMI, and alcohol drinking rather than GGT per se.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/12/2142γ-glutamyl transpeptidaseCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2vaccineimmunogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Zobida Islam Shohei Yamamoto Tetsuya Mizoue Yusuke Oshiro Natsumi Inamura Takeshi Nemoto Maki Konishi Mitsuru Ozeki Wataru Sugiura Norio Ohmagari Association between γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titers among BNT162b2 Vaccine Recipients Vaccines γ-glutamyl transpeptidase COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity |
| title | Association between γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titers among BNT162b2 Vaccine Recipients |
| title_full | Association between γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titers among BNT162b2 Vaccine Recipients |
| title_fullStr | Association between γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titers among BNT162b2 Vaccine Recipients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titers among BNT162b2 Vaccine Recipients |
| title_short | Association between γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titers among BNT162b2 Vaccine Recipients |
| title_sort | association between γ glutamyl transpeptidase and sars cov 2 spike antibody titers among bnt162b2 vaccine recipients |
| topic | γ-glutamyl transpeptidase COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/12/2142 |
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