Casual Rerouting of AERONET Sun/Sky Photometers: Toward a New Network of Ground Measurements Dedicated to the Monitoring of Surface Properties?
This paper presents an innovative method for observing vegetation health at a very high spatial resolution (~5 × 5 cm) and low cost by upgrading an existing Aerosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) ground station dedicated to the observation of aerosols in the atmosphere. This study evaluates the capabilit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3072 |
| _version_ | 1797522234056638464 |
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| author | Dominique Carrer Catherine Meurey Olivier Hagolle Guillaume Bigeard Alexandre Paci Jean-Marie Donier Gilles Bergametti Thierry Bergot Jean-Christophe Calvet Philippe Goloub Stéphane Victori Zhuosen Wang |
| author_facet | Dominique Carrer Catherine Meurey Olivier Hagolle Guillaume Bigeard Alexandre Paci Jean-Marie Donier Gilles Bergametti Thierry Bergot Jean-Christophe Calvet Philippe Goloub Stéphane Victori Zhuosen Wang |
| author_sort | Dominique Carrer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents an innovative method for observing vegetation health at a very high spatial resolution (~5 × 5 cm) and low cost by upgrading an existing Aerosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) ground station dedicated to the observation of aerosols in the atmosphere. This study evaluates the capability of a sun/sky photometer to perform additional surface reflectance observations. The ground station of Toulouse, France, which belongs to the AERONET sun/sky photometer network, is used for this feasibility study. The experiment was conducted for a 5-year period (between 2016 and 2020). The sun/sky photometer was mounted on a metallic structure at a height of 2.5 m, and the acquisition software was adapted to add a periodical (every hour) ground-observation scenario with the sun/sky photometer observing the surface instead of being inactive. Evaluation is performed by using a classical metric characterizing the vegetation health: the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), using as reference the satellite NDVI derived from a Sentinel-2 (S2) sensor at 10 × 10 m resolution. Comparison for the 5-year period showed good agreement between the S2 and sun/sky photometer NDVIs (i.e., bias = 0.004, RMSD = 0.082, and R = 0.882 for a mean value of S2A NDVI around 0.6). Discrepancies could have been due to spatial-representativeness issues (of the ground measurement compared to S2), the differences between spectral bands, and the quality of the atmospheric correction applied on S2 data (accuracy of the sun/sky photometer instrument was better than 0.1%). However, the accuracy of the atmospheric correction applied on S2 data in this station appeared to be of good quality, and no dependence on the presence of aerosols was observed. This first analysis of the potential of the CIMEL CE318 sun/sky photometer to monitor the surface is encouraging. Further analyses need to be carried out to estimate the potential in different AERONET stations. The occasional rerouting of AERONET stations could lead to a complementary network of surface reflectance observations. This would require an update of the software, and eventual adaptations of the measurement platforms to the station environments. The additional cost, based on the existing AERONET network, would be quite limited. These new surface measurements would be interesting for measurements of vegetation health (monitoring of NDVI, and also of other vegetation indices such as the leaf area and chlorophyll indices), for validation and calibration exercise purposes, and possibly to refine various scientific algorithms (i.e., algorithms dedicated to cloud detection or the AERONET aerosol retrieval algorithm itself). CIMEL is ready to include the ground scenario used in this study in all new sun/sky photometers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:26:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ddb04b8c4d94000be2662cad1873b04 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:26:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ddb04b8c4d94000be2662cad1873b042023-11-22T09:31:22ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-08-011316307210.3390/rs13163072Casual Rerouting of AERONET Sun/Sky Photometers: Toward a New Network of Ground Measurements Dedicated to the Monitoring of Surface Properties?Dominique Carrer0Catherine Meurey1Olivier Hagolle2Guillaume Bigeard3Alexandre Paci4Jean-Marie Donier5Gilles Bergametti6Thierry Bergot7Jean-Christophe Calvet8Philippe Goloub9Stéphane Victori10Zhuosen Wang11Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), Université de Toulouse, Météo France, CNRS, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse, FranceCentre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), Université de Toulouse, Météo France, CNRS, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse, FranceCESBIO, UMR 5126. 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, bpi 2801, CEDEX 9, 31401 Toulouse, FranceCentre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), Université de Toulouse, Météo France, CNRS, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse, FranceCentre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), Université de Toulouse, Météo France, CNRS, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse, FranceCentre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), Université de Toulouse, Météo France, CNRS, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse, FranceLaboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université de Paris and Université Paris Est, IPSL, 94010 Creteil, FranceCentre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), Université de Toulouse, Météo France, CNRS, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse, FranceCentre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), Université de Toulouse, Météo France, CNRS, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse, FranceLOA, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique-UMR 8518, 59000 Lille, FranceCIMEL ELECTRONIQUE, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 75001 Paris, FranceNASA, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAThis paper presents an innovative method for observing vegetation health at a very high spatial resolution (~5 × 5 cm) and low cost by upgrading an existing Aerosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) ground station dedicated to the observation of aerosols in the atmosphere. This study evaluates the capability of a sun/sky photometer to perform additional surface reflectance observations. The ground station of Toulouse, France, which belongs to the AERONET sun/sky photometer network, is used for this feasibility study. The experiment was conducted for a 5-year period (between 2016 and 2020). The sun/sky photometer was mounted on a metallic structure at a height of 2.5 m, and the acquisition software was adapted to add a periodical (every hour) ground-observation scenario with the sun/sky photometer observing the surface instead of being inactive. Evaluation is performed by using a classical metric characterizing the vegetation health: the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), using as reference the satellite NDVI derived from a Sentinel-2 (S2) sensor at 10 × 10 m resolution. Comparison for the 5-year period showed good agreement between the S2 and sun/sky photometer NDVIs (i.e., bias = 0.004, RMSD = 0.082, and R = 0.882 for a mean value of S2A NDVI around 0.6). Discrepancies could have been due to spatial-representativeness issues (of the ground measurement compared to S2), the differences between spectral bands, and the quality of the atmospheric correction applied on S2 data (accuracy of the sun/sky photometer instrument was better than 0.1%). However, the accuracy of the atmospheric correction applied on S2 data in this station appeared to be of good quality, and no dependence on the presence of aerosols was observed. This first analysis of the potential of the CIMEL CE318 sun/sky photometer to monitor the surface is encouraging. Further analyses need to be carried out to estimate the potential in different AERONET stations. The occasional rerouting of AERONET stations could lead to a complementary network of surface reflectance observations. This would require an update of the software, and eventual adaptations of the measurement platforms to the station environments. The additional cost, based on the existing AERONET network, would be quite limited. These new surface measurements would be interesting for measurements of vegetation health (monitoring of NDVI, and also of other vegetation indices such as the leaf area and chlorophyll indices), for validation and calibration exercise purposes, and possibly to refine various scientific algorithms (i.e., algorithms dedicated to cloud detection or the AERONET aerosol retrieval algorithm itself). CIMEL is ready to include the ground scenario used in this study in all new sun/sky photometers.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3072AERONETvegetationsatelliteSentinel-2validationphotometer |
| spellingShingle | Dominique Carrer Catherine Meurey Olivier Hagolle Guillaume Bigeard Alexandre Paci Jean-Marie Donier Gilles Bergametti Thierry Bergot Jean-Christophe Calvet Philippe Goloub Stéphane Victori Zhuosen Wang Casual Rerouting of AERONET Sun/Sky Photometers: Toward a New Network of Ground Measurements Dedicated to the Monitoring of Surface Properties? Remote Sensing AERONET vegetation satellite Sentinel-2 validation photometer |
| title | Casual Rerouting of AERONET Sun/Sky Photometers: Toward a New Network of Ground Measurements Dedicated to the Monitoring of Surface Properties? |
| title_full | Casual Rerouting of AERONET Sun/Sky Photometers: Toward a New Network of Ground Measurements Dedicated to the Monitoring of Surface Properties? |
| title_fullStr | Casual Rerouting of AERONET Sun/Sky Photometers: Toward a New Network of Ground Measurements Dedicated to the Monitoring of Surface Properties? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Casual Rerouting of AERONET Sun/Sky Photometers: Toward a New Network of Ground Measurements Dedicated to the Monitoring of Surface Properties? |
| title_short | Casual Rerouting of AERONET Sun/Sky Photometers: Toward a New Network of Ground Measurements Dedicated to the Monitoring of Surface Properties? |
| title_sort | casual rerouting of aeronet sun sky photometers toward a new network of ground measurements dedicated to the monitoring of surface properties |
| topic | AERONET vegetation satellite Sentinel-2 validation photometer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3072 |
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