Effect of HIV exposure and timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation on immune memory responses to diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis and hepatitis B vaccines
Objectives: We evaluated memory responses and antibody persistence to diphtheria-toxoid, tetanus-toxoid, whole-cell-pertussis (DTwP), and Hepatitis-B vaccines in HIV-unexposed, HIV-exposed-uninfected and HIV-infected children previously randomized to initiate time-limited ART at 6–10 weeks (ART-Imme...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Expert Review of Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2019.1547195 |
| _version_ | 1797680371173687296 |
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| author | Omphile E. Simani Alane Izu Marta C. Nunes Avy Violari Mark F. Cotton Nadia Van Niekerk Peter V. Adrian Shabir A. Madhi |
| author_facet | Omphile E. Simani Alane Izu Marta C. Nunes Avy Violari Mark F. Cotton Nadia Van Niekerk Peter V. Adrian Shabir A. Madhi |
| author_sort | Omphile E. Simani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: We evaluated memory responses and antibody persistence to diphtheria-toxoid, tetanus-toxoid, whole-cell-pertussis (DTwP), and Hepatitis-B vaccines in HIV-unexposed, HIV-exposed-uninfected and HIV-infected children previously randomized to initiate time-limited ART at 6–10 weeks (ART-Immed) or when clinically/immunologically indicated (ART-Def). Methods: All children received DTwP booster at 15–18 months. Antibodies were measured for pertussis-toxoid, filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), diphtheria-toxoid, tetanus-toxoid, and hepatitis-B prior to booster, 1–2 weeks post-booster and at 24 months of age. Results: Pre-booster antibody GMC were lower in HIV-infected groups than HIV-unexposed children for all epitopes. Post-booster and at 24 months of age, the ART-Def group had lower GMCs and antibody proportion ≥0.1 IU/ml for tetanus-toxoid and diphtheria-toxoid compared to HIV-unexposed children. At 24 months of age, the ART-Immed group had higher GMCs, and more likely to maintain antibody titres ≥1.0 IU/ml to tetanus-toxoid and diphtheria-toxoid compared to HIV-unexposed children. Compared to HIV-unexposed children, at 15 and 24 months of age, persistence of antibody to HBsAg of ≥10 mIU/ml was similar in the ART-Immed group but lower among the ART-Def group. Antibody kinetics indicated more robust memory responses in HIV-exposed-uninfected than HIV-unexposed children to diphtheria-toxoid and wP. Conclusion: HIV-infected children not on ART at primary vaccination had poorer memory responses, whereas HIV-exposed-uninfected children mounted robust memory responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:29:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ddff4db9a2b4726b61787d5db0c0500 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-0584 1744-8395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:29:02Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Expert Review of Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ddff4db9a2b4726b61787d5db0c05002023-09-20T10:18:04ZengTaylor & Francis GroupExpert Review of Vaccines1476-05841744-83952019-01-011819510410.1080/14760584.2019.15471951547195Effect of HIV exposure and timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation on immune memory responses to diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis and hepatitis B vaccinesOmphile E. Simani0Alane Izu1Marta C. Nunes2Avy Violari3Mark F. Cotton4Nadia Van Niekerk5Peter V. Adrian6Shabir A. Madhi7National Research Foundation:Vaccine Preventable Diseases University of the WitwatersrandNational Research Foundation:Vaccine Preventable Diseases University of the WitwatersrandNational Research Foundation:Vaccine Preventable Diseases University of the WitwatersrandPerinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the WitwatersrandStellenbosch UniversityNational Research Foundation:Vaccine Preventable Diseases University of the WitwatersrandNational Research Foundation:Vaccine Preventable Diseases University of the WitwatersrandNational Research Foundation:Vaccine Preventable Diseases University of the WitwatersrandObjectives: We evaluated memory responses and antibody persistence to diphtheria-toxoid, tetanus-toxoid, whole-cell-pertussis (DTwP), and Hepatitis-B vaccines in HIV-unexposed, HIV-exposed-uninfected and HIV-infected children previously randomized to initiate time-limited ART at 6–10 weeks (ART-Immed) or when clinically/immunologically indicated (ART-Def). Methods: All children received DTwP booster at 15–18 months. Antibodies were measured for pertussis-toxoid, filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), diphtheria-toxoid, tetanus-toxoid, and hepatitis-B prior to booster, 1–2 weeks post-booster and at 24 months of age. Results: Pre-booster antibody GMC were lower in HIV-infected groups than HIV-unexposed children for all epitopes. Post-booster and at 24 months of age, the ART-Def group had lower GMCs and antibody proportion ≥0.1 IU/ml for tetanus-toxoid and diphtheria-toxoid compared to HIV-unexposed children. At 24 months of age, the ART-Immed group had higher GMCs, and more likely to maintain antibody titres ≥1.0 IU/ml to tetanus-toxoid and diphtheria-toxoid compared to HIV-unexposed children. Compared to HIV-unexposed children, at 15 and 24 months of age, persistence of antibody to HBsAg of ≥10 mIU/ml was similar in the ART-Immed group but lower among the ART-Def group. Antibody kinetics indicated more robust memory responses in HIV-exposed-uninfected than HIV-unexposed children to diphtheria-toxoid and wP. Conclusion: HIV-infected children not on ART at primary vaccination had poorer memory responses, whereas HIV-exposed-uninfected children mounted robust memory responses.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2019.1547195diphtheria-toxoidtetanus-toxoidpertussis vaccinehepatitis b vaccineboosterhiv-infectedhiv-exposed uninfected |
| spellingShingle | Omphile E. Simani Alane Izu Marta C. Nunes Avy Violari Mark F. Cotton Nadia Van Niekerk Peter V. Adrian Shabir A. Madhi Effect of HIV exposure and timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation on immune memory responses to diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis and hepatitis B vaccines Expert Review of Vaccines diphtheria-toxoid tetanus-toxoid pertussis vaccine hepatitis b vaccine booster hiv-infected hiv-exposed uninfected |
| title | Effect of HIV exposure and timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation on immune memory responses to diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis and hepatitis B vaccines |
| title_full | Effect of HIV exposure and timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation on immune memory responses to diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis and hepatitis B vaccines |
| title_fullStr | Effect of HIV exposure and timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation on immune memory responses to diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis and hepatitis B vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of HIV exposure and timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation on immune memory responses to diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis and hepatitis B vaccines |
| title_short | Effect of HIV exposure and timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation on immune memory responses to diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis and hepatitis B vaccines |
| title_sort | effect of hiv exposure and timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation on immune memory responses to diphtheria tetanus whole cell pertussis and hepatitis b vaccines |
| topic | diphtheria-toxoid tetanus-toxoid pertussis vaccine hepatitis b vaccine booster hiv-infected hiv-exposed uninfected |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2019.1547195 |
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